Impacts Of Tourism In Cyprus

Impacts Of tourism In CyprusList and describe the potential verificatory and negative socio-cultural extend tos of tourism in an area of your choice.tourism is a product that is produced and consumed at the same time. Tourism concerns the economy and lives of communities and has proven to be a lifesaver for many destinations. Impacts occur when tourism changes the value systems/ behavior, great(p) native identity and that changes occur in community structure, family relationships, ceremonies, collective traditional styles and morality. Tourism can also cause supportive impacts as it can perform as a helpful force for peace, help avoid urban relocation by creating local anaesthetic jobs and foster pride in cultural traditions. The pillow slip of touring car will watch a differing effect on the host community. The mass tourist is less likely to adapt to the local cultures and will seek amenities and standards found in his home community. On the otherwise hand the independen t tourist will adapt more readily. The process of tourism increase is truly important because the speed and nature of development can be a major influence on the magnitude and direction of socio-cultural changes. The term socio-cultural impacts refer to changes to residents everyday experiences, as well as to their values, way of life, and intellectual and artistic products.NEGATIVE SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISMTourism can cause change / loss of local identity and values byCommodificationStandardisationLoss of authenticity / staged authenticityAdaptation to tourist demandsPOSITIVE SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISMThe promotion of cross-cultural understandThe incentive value of tourism in preserving local culture and heritageThe promotion of social stability through positive economic outcomesThe potential positive and negative socio-cultural impacts in CyprusThe positive and negative impacts of tourism on the Cyprus socio-cultural structure has been an issue for a long time. Social impacts can be considered as changes in the lives of tidy sum who live in destination communities, which are connected with tourist actions in regard to moral conduct, creative expressions. Cultural impacts can be the changes in the arts, traditional ceremonies, customs and rituals and architecture of people that result from tourism activity. Witt (1991) claims that, the greater the difference amid the host community and the tourists the greater will be the affect of tourism on society. This presents a challenge to decision makers in regard to the type of tourism that a destination is trying to attract. Thus, for example, at the discipline level a specific development might be justified on the grounds that it is positive for the society as a whole regular if on average it is not positive for the host community. All travelers seek tourism experience, yet very unlike goals and objectives are required through different roles and behaviors. This occurs because in Cyprus are m any different types of tourists. Each type of tourist can be expected to behave differently while visiting a destination. Certain groups can be seen as more exploitive and less sensitive to social and cultural values. Explorers blend into the Cyprus life as local people do and stay longer but they have contact with fewer people than members of a charter tour that moves through Cyprus for shopping or sightseeing.In the case of Cyprus, the tourist policy of the Cyprus Tourism Organization aims to attract middle and high-income class tourists in order to minimize possible resentment between locals and tourists. check to statistics by Eurostat, Cypriots enjoy a higher standard of aliment than other regions and the type of tourist that visits the island is not the typical high and middle class income tourist but mostly new-fashionedsters who tend to reach their limits once they are abroad. The effects of tourists behavior and activities on young people in the area are very noticeable. The increase in drug trafficking and wickedness are the two major effects of tourism on the local community. Young people tend to slip away a lot of their free time away from their families and from community activities since they spend more time in the tourist areas going out clubbing or at bars. As a result, we have an increase in the number of school dropouts and in the number of people smoking at early stages of their age. Cyprus is considered to be one of the few destinations that have controlled tourism well, and it is now repaying the benefits.Cyprus is still an up market destination offering a friendly air and high character reference service. Cyprus has always marketed itself as a prestige resort. Surveys show that many residents see the tourists as a breath of fresh air into the society, economy and life of the locals. The Cyprus Tourism Organization is aiming to keep its high quality and consequently its up market clientele by offering excellent facilities and differ ent types of tourism activities such as Agro Tourism, Bird Watching and Cycling. To achieve this selective advertising and promotion are adopted in order to attract this type of customer.The development of the Tourist industriousness led to an improvement in the standard of live for the local people in several areas as tourism expenditure increases the income and improve the standard of living and the quality of life for the locals. Tourism also contributes to the development of infrastructure with the building of airports, new roads, restaurants and hospitals, attraction to enable greatest number of citizens to benefit from the cultural, recreational and unfilled activities of the tourism sector. Tourism has also aided in arising the interest for art festivals and crafts, for example weaving, embroidery, wood crafting, pottery etc that have been practiced in small villages for hundreds of years.The impact of tourism on the conservation of old buildings is also both positive and n egative. Cyprus residents claim that tourists look for and appreciate local architecture and authentic traditional style, so a lot of buildings are being renovated or conserved as mainly tourist attractions, which would have been destroyed by eager owner. On the other hand, old buildings do not have enough capacity to provide accommodation for the growing number of tourists, so they are destroyed to give style to new and large guest houses with appropriate capacity and tourist facilities.The media have described Paralimni and Agia Napa as a round-the clock neon-lit cosmopolitan mini-metropolis and topless charge capital of Cyprus. The majority state that tourists have a negative effect on the Cypriot way of life and that tourism changes the traditional culture, also it decreases the life style quality of Cypriots who live in tourist areas. The extreme concentration of tourists resulted in the modification of social attitudes among young people, particularly towards sexual behavio r. The European way of living has altered the Cypriot society as younger generations are seeking different values than their families, and thus resulting in weaker family bonds. A number of researchers examined the link between the perception that tourism contributes to increase in crime and the support for its development. The crime is related to resident perceptions of tourism development. There is also an increase in harlotry and rise in criminal activity and possible anger between local and tourists. Rural population, long term residents, farmers, and younger segments perceive tourism as contributing to an increase in crime especially in the area of Agia Napa. Agia Napa is advertised as a place of great consumption of alcohol, sex, drugs and crime and a great damage caused by thousands of topless beach goers. Moreover the massive arrival of youngsters changed the image of the area from a fun relaxing atmosphere to more of a nightlife entertainment with many nightclubs and disco s. As a result, there is an increase in drug trafficking and crime as well as the young generation in Cyprus has started to adopt different set of values on morality and style of dressing which is not acceptable by the older generations. Tourists have altered the Cypriot values and beliefs especially among the young generation and as mentioned before the dress code has changed and nudity is much more acceptable now.In spite of all negative and positive impacts of tourism on the socio-cultural structure of Cyprus it is not yet clear whether the benefits outweigh the costs. In general, the residents of Cyprus have a positive attitude toward tourism. Since the success of tourism depends very much on the human attitudes and behavior of the residents of a destination towards tourists, this seems to be an encouraging result for the proximo of tourism development. Residents recognize a range of potential positive and negative impacts of tourism however, current attitudes are generally qui te positive and there is support for future modest increase in tourism. The tourism development strategy should aim to protect local culture, respect local traditions and promote local ownership and centering of programs and projects so as to foster community stewardship of the natural resource base. As integrated processes take time, tourism umbrella organizations should start with voluntary self-restraint, until locally qualified objectives have been reached.REFERENCESWitt, S.F. (1991). Tourism in Cyprus, Balancing the benefits and costs.Travel Management.Elena Spanou (2007), The impact of Tourism in Cyprus.Internet www.srcosmos.gr/srcosmos/showpub.aspx?aa=10216Assessed on 25/02/10 2100pm

Study into the Prevalence of FGM in Nigeria

Study into the Prevalence of FGM in Nigeria 2. METHODOLOGY2.1 DataThe Nigerian Demographic Health Surveys (NDHS) of 2013 bread and butter evidence and additional sources of data from published reports of NDHS 2013 have been physical exertiond in this champaign.Datasets for 2013 Nigerian DHS were downloaded adjacent approval from measuredhs.com. Authorisation was obtained via registering with measuredhs.com, requesting permission to occasion datasets. Permission to use data was granted via email. (Appendix I).Demographic Health surveys have been ongoing for over 30 years in over 90 countries with over 300 surveys aimed at fostering global knowledge of health and population trends in developing countries.DHS surveys are nationally representative household surveys in wowork force eond 15-49 (and sometimes men aged 15-49) which yield internationally comparable data on health indicators in developing countries. Datasets make upd from this surveys are owned by measuredhs.com as part of the projects employ by macro International, with its funding from USAID. In most countries the DHS surveys are conducted every five years providing retrospective estimates of four years including year of study, with large samples from households done face to face interviews utilise standardised questionnaires designed to gather information on female genital cutting, maternal and child health, nutrition, HIV/AIDS, family planning, gender, malaria as healthful as the socio scotch and demographic characteristics. DHS surveys involve large samplesIn Nigeria, the National Population Commission (NPC) representing the Federal Government of Nigeria, conducts the survey with technical assistance from Macro International. The purpose of this data quiet is to direct policy making, planning, monitoring and evaluation of programmes.Two phases are involved First phase involves enumeration of urban and arcadian areas in clusters based on national population distributions. Eligible househ olds are selected apply systematic sampling, allowing for a large sample to achieve statistically significant results (Hajian-Tilaki, 2011). The second phase involves data collection using the three standard DHS questionnaires (household, women and men questionnaires).In the Nigerian Demographic Health Survey 2013, data was collected over five months, completed questionnaires were then edited, processed in CSPro computer package and all that was cleaned. This ensures accuracy of information and confidentiality to participants. Data collected is standardized by weighting adjusting for over and under sampling to produce representative results (NDHS, 2013).The NDHS 2013 facilitates a comprehensive picture of the current global trends on knowledge and prevalence of FGM among women and their daughters, types of circumcision, age at circumcision, and attitudes toward the practice to be constructed.Prior to NDHS Surveys of 2013 there were subsequent surveys in 1999, 2003, 2008 which coll ected data on FGM. This surveys reported prevalence of FGM in Nigeria amongst women age 15 to 49 as shown in hedge belowTable 2.1 showing prevalence of FGM in Nigeria from NDHS surveys.The prevalence of FGM in Nigeria from 2003 to 2008 recorded an increase and this was partly from the use of a new comment for what constitutes as FGM and also differences in the data available for selecting the sample. Interviewers employ in the northeast of Nigeria included local forms of cutting and start of the vaginal walls in their definition of what constitutes FGM. The data bases for selecting the samples for the Nigeria DHS of 2003 and 2008 were relatively different, hence that made the distribution of the samples by region variant. (Yoder et al 2013). In the 2013 NDHS, the definition of FGM explicitly followed the WHO definition of FGM.In dissecting trends linked with FGM in Nigeria, it is unlikely that comparing prevalence of FGM using Nigeria DHS over years will give valid reasons for t he trends over the years cod to differences mentioned earlier (NDHS, 2013).2.2 VariablesThe drivers of FGM from previous studies identified as mix of cultural, religious and social factors within families and communities. The variables of involution in this study are those related to these drivers of FGM and are sort out as social, cultural, economic and geographical factors (WHO, 2014).For effective analyses some of the variables have been recoded. A full list of variables is attached in Appendix II.The outcome or open variable considered in this analyses is FGM whether a woman had FGM or not.Other secondary outcomes of interest in this study is who performs FGM, perspectives and opinions on FGM were also examined (further categorized in table 2.1).The main independent variable in this study is Age at time of survey which serves as an indicator of the birth cohort of the participant.The exposure variables of interest in this study- residence, region- in order to analyse subpopu lation trends. Other variables included in this study godliness, ethnicity, education and wealth. The variable wealth index, measures a household relative economic status. This is calculated by a process which recodes and pools together data on household assets such as type of toilet, ownership of durable goods, etc. to produce a continuous standardized scale.This variables although not exhaustive have been selected because of their association with culture, socio-economic status which have an impact on the FGM practice (WHO, 2014).The relationship examined in this study will use the following variablesTable 2.1 Definition and categorization of variables.*Types of FGM in table above (a) type I and II flesh removed from genital area (b) type IV genital area nicked no flesh removed (c) type III genital area closed. WHO classification for FGM (WHO, 2014).**All major ethnic groups in Nigeria and FGM practicing groups of significance from NDHS 2013 survey.2.2 Data Analysis2.2. 1 Concep tual Framework for analysing trends linked with FGM in Nigeria (WHO, 2014 NDHS Reports, 2013).The poser for analysis of trends linked with FGM will get to in to cognizance sociodemographic factors that can confound or mediate the practice of FGM in Nigeria. This factors are shown belowFigure 2.1 above showing conceptual framework for analysis of FGM trends.2.4 Data AnalysisAll analyses in this study were computed using SPSS v.22. The Data was weighted and complex sampling procedures used to minimise errors from sampling techniques used in NDHS 2013, thus ensuring results are valid (IBM 2015). The sampling weight was used for all analysis. A major part of the analyses involved handling of data using syntax files, a programme of orders which automatically computes analysis and can be saved. Some programmes used for the analyses can be found in Appendix III.The following statistical analysis were carried out to achieve the aim and objectives of this study2.4.1 Descriptive AnalysisThe analysis examined the following areasGeneral distribution of background characteristics of women age 15-49 frequency of background characteristicsGeneral Distribution of FGM related perspectives and opinions- frequencies of perspectives and opinions in the followingEver heard of FGMAge women had FGMPrevalence of FGM including typesWho performed FGMNumber of daughters with FGMBeliefs on FGM required by religionViews on if FGM practice should continue or stop.Trends of FGM prevalence including types of FGM percentage of women with FGM and its relationship by background characteristics, percentage of types of FGM and its relationship by background characteristics.Trends of perspectives and opinions on FGM by background characteristics as listed above from b i, ii, iv, v, vi and vii.Trends of beliefs on FGM required by religion percentage of women with FGM by beliefs on FGM required by religionTrends on opinions of FGM practice should stop or continue percentage of women with FGM opin ion on practice should stop or continueTrends of perspectives and opinions on FGM by age. alike percentages and confidence intervals, chi-square test for trends are computed to ascertain the statistical significance of these associations.2.4.2 Logistic regression analysisThe variables on women background characteristics and perspectives of FGM were fitted into regression models in order to ready the extent they predict the outcome i.e. having FGM (b) to ascertain if the practice is declining or increasing by birth cohorts.This form of analysis involves computing bivariate and multivariate analyses using the main outcome FGM as the dependent variable and the previous variables (i.e. background characteristics) as the independent variables.In the bivariate analysis all independent variables take away region were fitted into the model to estimate the crude trends in having FGM. Region was exempted to minimise confounding.A multivariate analysis involved fitting the same variables in to the model compulsive for age, education, ethnicity, economic status (wealth), urban-rural residence, and religion. The aim is to ascertain the relative importance of each variable as a predictor of having FGM.The reference categories for each variable fitted into the regression model are age (15-19) education (no education), ethnic group (others), Residence (rural), religion (Islam), wealth index (richest).

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - The Character of Beowulf :: Epic Beowulf essays

The Character of Beowulf         When he arrived at the Danish land, Beowulf was a young man desire take a chance and glory.  Beowulf was distinguished among his people, the Geats, for his bravery.  As a young man Beowulf fought in many battles and as a result showed his great character to others.         Beowulf had many characteristics which helped him to chase in battle. As a young man, Beowulf was cognise as the strongest man alive.  His strength allowed him to dominate in battle.  If it were not for his pure strength, he would not declare been able to defeat Grendel, for weapons would not work.  By fighting Grendel without weapons, he opened himself up to greater glorification. Beowulfs strength could not be seen as a disadvantage, eyepatch the  results of his strength could.         Beowulfs strength allowed him dominance in battle, but it also made him cocky.  While his cockiness allowed Beowulf to be sure of himself in battle, some of his peers found it to be a character flaw.  Ecglaf, in particular, saw Beowulf as cocky and vain, questioning, Are you the Beowulf who competed with Breca...swollen with vanity...  So, while his cockiness was a flaw in the eyes of others, Beowulf saw it as self assurance and used it to his advantage.         Beowulf also had a strong spirit of adventure.  His spirit of adventure was part of the reason that Beowulf went to fight Grendel.  Beowulfs strength and spirit of adventure had also led him to glory in many battles, including that with Grendel.  Beowulf used his glory in previous battles to justify himself when coming to help Hrothgar.   In addition, his self assurance, and known bravery probably guided his decision.  Beowulfs spirit of adventure gained him a lot of glory, however, it could have gotten him into trouble, if he were to ha ve taken an adventure too far.         While in his young age, Beowulf used his strength for glory and recognition.  As he became older his great strength was taken away from him, and Beowulf found himself without one of his greatest abilities.  Beowulf then(prenominal) was king of the Geats, and when a dragon attacked his land, it was his responsibility to protect his people.

Televisions Impact on Health :: Television Health Eating Essays

Televisions Impact on HealthIn our society, television has become quite the vigorous activity. Sitting up is exhausting so most people lie down while watching television. If you were to eat at a fast food restaurant, and then head home for a bowl of ice cream for desert, oh, and then not to mention that bag of chips while you watch your favorite Reality TV series, you atomic number 18 asking for something that you argon not going to be happy with. What is it that you are asking for? It is called obesity. I have found myself eating at McDonalds on countless occasions. The savvy I am not obese, however, is the fact you will only find me at a fast food restaurant when I am press for time and I am on my way to a three to four hour practice. Obesity has very little to do with what we eat because the trustworthy problem behind obesity is n ane other than the fact that our society does not do anything after eating unhealthily. In Europe, people eat seven to eight meals a day and somehow, the majority of Europeans look fantastic. There is a reason for this. After dinner, they do not sit down on the spew for the 1,000th episode of Fear Factor. Instead, they go out for a long walk around the park with their families. David Zinczenkos, Dont Blame the Eater, proposes a situation where thither is nothing else to eat but fast food. He proves this by saying, Drive down any thoroughfare in America, and I guarantee youll see one of our countrys 13,000 McDonalds restaurants, he explains, Now drive back up the block and try to find someplace to buy a grapefruit. It is real that this statement has much truth. I am sorry to say, sadly, that it has no legitimacy. It seems that Zinczenko is using diction that not only parents can understand, but one that the general public, including those that are uneducated can understand. He uses a variety of sentence structures to lure in his readers and to make his research appear striking. The most appealing part of his analyze was the way he spoke in a first person perspective and gave hope to those obese teenagers by telling them that to lose the weight realize eating at McDonalds, they are going to need to join the Navy Reserves or a similar program.

Progressivism In the Classroom :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Progressivism In the ClassroomA good education has al styles been drilled into my head ever since I was a little girl. Boy did I hate that, all I wanted to do was goof off and have fun with my friends. But as the years went on I started to realize how important it was to have a good education. Not that that made me like school anymore than I did but I was realizing the different ways I was look outing and how different people taught. I remember saying one day, when I was a fresh musical composition in elevated school, that if I was teaching this class I would have never taught it that way. Unfortunately, my teacher overheard me and I was forced to go to the front of the room and explain to the class the way it should be taught since I knew so much about teaching. Needless to say I did an awful job of it. That is when I started ideateing about becoming a teacher. I know that does not make sense because I did such an awful job and was humiliated doing it. I did not like th e way that man taught and I was determined to take his job. However, the reason I am here today is not that I want to take a teachers job it is because I have the desire to make a difference in the lives of many students. I hope I will be a good teacher so that I will never have to hear a student say something bad about my teaching. I think that the nature of knowledge is relative. Not all children can learn in the comparable surround. I believe that if a child is put in an environment in which they cannot learn they should be placed in another environment so that they can. Some students learn at a slow pace and others learn at a fast pace. Then there are the students that learn better by lectures and others that learn better by activities. If you mix these children in the same class, than there are usually some lost kids in the class? I know that in my experiences with school, I would have never made it in a normal classroom since I learned so much slower than the other kids did.

A Freudian Analysis of Voltaires Candide Essay -- Candide Voltaire F

A Freudian Analysis of Voltaires Candide In Civilization and its Discontents, Sigmund Freud refers to the important role that love plays in the world of Man. Love sure enough plays an important role in Voltaires Candide throughout Candides journeys, a constant factor is his love for Lady Cunegonde and his desire to be with her. Freud writes the way of life which makes love the subject matter of everything ... comes naturally to all of us, (Freud, p. 29). Candides love for Cunegonde is the driving force of his life from the moment they are parted at the beginning of the novel until they are bonded in join at the end. Throughout his experiences, Candide continues to think about Cunegonde. Even after narrowly surviving the Bulgar-Abar war, Candides thoughts are still about Cunegonde (Voltaire, p. 26). We are never so unable to help unhappy as when we have lost our love aim, (Freud, p. 29). Man is never more vulnerable as when the person he has chosen as the object of his love is taken from him. When Candide is at Eldorado, where no- hotshot goes hungry or has any needs which go unfulfilled, he tells his companion Cacambo, I shall never be happy without Lady Cunegonde, (Voltaire, p. 82). Candide found, it would seem, the one place on Earth where there is no suffering from poverty, war, or injustice. He and Cacambo could have lived long and fulfilling lives in Eldorado, but Candide insists on returning to his earnest Cunegonde. When Candide and Cunegonde are at last reunited, Cunegonde asks Candide what has happened to you since that innocent kiss you gave me? (Voltaire, p. 40). The kiss, which Cunegonde describes as innocent, cost Candide dearly her brother the Baron drove Candide from the house w... ...is largely responsible for our disaster and we should be much happier if we gave it up and returned to primitive conditions, (Freud, p. 33). Candide realizes at the end of the novel that the formula for being content is simple We must go and work in th e garden, (Voltaire, p. 144). When Man does not have to fight the rules of civilization, his life is a much simpler lot. Many of the points which Sigmund Freud makes in Civilization and its Discontents can be paralleled to the experiences of Candide in Voltaires Candide. These points can alike be linked with the society Man lives in today. Candide is clearly a member of Mans society and is subject to all the needs and desires described by Freud. whole works Cited Sigmund Freud. Civilization_and_its_Discontents. New York W. W. Norton and Company 1961. Voltaire. Candide. London Penguin Books 1947.

J.D. Salingers The Catcher In The Rye Essay -- Salinger Catcher Rye E

J.D. Salingers The Catcher In The Rye The novel The Catcher In The Rye, by J.D. Salinger, contains many complex symbols, many of the symbols in the book are interconnected. A symbol is an object represents an idea that is principal(prenominal) to the novel. I believe the most important symbol in this novel is Holdens idea of universe the catcher in the rye. Holden Caulfield, the main(prenominal) character in the novel, is non the typical 16 year old son. Holden has many characteristics that arent typical of anyone that I know. Holden is very afraid of growing up. He feels the heavy(p) world is phony, everyone in it, and everything associated with it. Holden never actually states that he is afraid of growing up, or that he hates the idea of it, instead he expresses his resistance to become an adult by making the adult world into a place full of phony, dishonest, and shallow people, and comparing it to the honest, innocent, and fun world a child lives in. Throughout this book Hol dens main quest is to try and preserve the innocence in both him, and in everyone around him. He knows that adults have already taken the path leading to phoniness, just now he tries to save children from this fate that toward the end of the book he sadly realizes is almost completely inevitable. In order to keep the phoniness from infecting the childrens life, and his, he thinks he unavoidablenesss to preserve the innocence of himself and of the children. The biggest example of his need to preserve the innocence in himself and in all the children he meets in the book is his vision of being the catcher in the rye.In Chapter 16 Holden hears a young boy singing a song thats lyrics were if a body catch a body coming through the rye. Before seeing this boy Holden is walking down the street feeling rather depressed, like he is most of the cartridge holder due to the situation that he gets depressed quite easily. Once Holden sees this boy he automatically cheers up. One reason for thi s is most likely because this young boy is walking on the side of the street instead of the sidewalk with his parents, which most other people would choose. This shows that this boy still has the innocence and does not feel the need to conform to everyone else yet as many adults do. I believe he also liked this boy because he says, his parents paid no attention to him. This displays the fact that the boy has a f... ...s going. Holden thinks its amazing that Phoebe is still seeing the same things he used to see all the time, every time he stepped foot into that museum he would al expressive styles feel the same thing. No one feels comfortable with change, for the better or for the worse, but Holden especially isnt. Holden says, Certain things, they should stay the bureau they are. You ought to be able to stick them in one of those big glass cases. He knows that this is impossible, but he wishes just the same. He wishes he could think of everything the way he thinks of Allie, his de ad brother, completely innocent. Allie died when he was young and therefore never had to go through the transition into adulthood. He wishes that Jane could be stuck into a glass case, not die, but get stuck in a big glass case where she would still always keep her kings in the back row. Holden Caulfield wishes so much to be the catcher in the rye. This symbol in the book reveals many things about him and his thoughts. After this symbol and his talk about the lawyers we learn that his whole ideals he expresses before this in the book are totally superficial. This symbol is the most meaningful and complex symbol in the novel.