A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy Essay Example

A Critique of Neuroscience A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy Essay A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy Essay Name: Educator: Course: Date: A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy The talk, Neuroscience-The New Philosophy, by V.S Ramachandran, represents Ramachandran’s perspectives on neuroscience. In the conversation, Ramachandran digs on finding reasons regarding why specific patients have explicit sorts of side effects when confronted with psychological sicknesses and the purpose behind their disparities across various dysfunctional behaviors. What's more, Ramachandran clarifies how essential arrangements and structures inside the mind can prompt unconventional practices in mental illness. The talk predominantly centers around three methodologies dependent on psychological maladjustments. These methodologies incorporate the impact of synthetic irregular characteristics, the Darwinian or Neuropsychiatry approach and the Freudian methodology. The talk offers an alternate perspective on psychological sickness. It additionally gives a profound understanding and gives clarifications on mental ailment. Therefore, surveying the article gives the premise to studying Ramachandran’s conversation on psychological sickness. Quite a bit of Ramachandran’s talk is fixated on the attitude of awareness. He does this by surveying various mental states and peculiarities that are unusual and some that are regarded as like frenzy. Furthermore, appraisal of the diverse mental sicknesses gives establishment in perceiving the cerebrum imaging. Through imaging, information is picked up on how the mind capacities. To outline this, Ramachandran utilizes a turmoil, for example, craziness. In view of clinical meanings, insanity delineates a condition where the patient, in case of building up a loss of motion of a leg or an arm or visual impairment, has invalid neurological shortages that could be purpose behind his manifestations. Through this issue, imaging is utilized to decide the typical capacity of the mind by perceiving that the cerebrum is really common. Also, imaging has given information on the areas of the mind that are dynamic or inert when a particular activity or mental procedure is completed. Besides, Ramachandran centers around the part of through and through freedom. By utilizing insanity for instance, the turmoil is seen as a variation from the norm of unrestrained choice in this way affirming mania is absolutely because of mental deformities. In the talk, through and through freedom is regarded as a fancy and a unimportant clarification on the elements of the mind. In view of examinations directed on choice, for example, the EEG analyze, it was found that the cerebrum imparts signs prior before an individual communicates the will to take part in the particular procedure. Such a disclosure just dishonors the philosophical guideline of choice. Similarly, through and through freedom delineates the capacity of operators to settle on choices unlimited by distinct factors, for example, mental imperatives. In any case, the way that awareness doesn't decide different activities performed by a specialist just embodies choice as a deception. At long last, Ramachandran talks about the Sense of Self. In light of Ramachandran’s affirmations, psychological sicknesses can be viewed as aggravations or impedances of oneself and awareness. In any case, utilizing the implications, ‘consciousness’ and ‘self’, Ramachandran claims that clarifying psychological instabilities utilizing such declarations is uninformed. So as to clarify the issue emerging from meaning of oneself, the creator utilizes the issue of qualia. Qualia are just abstract sensations. In this manner, through the familiarity with sensations, the constituents of the cognizance and oneself are connected to neuroscience. Ramachandran can utilize qualia in deciding the areas in the mind and the capacities that empower determination just as the characteristics that establish the Sense of Self. Taking everything into account, Ramachandran verges on different methodologies and even comprises a valuable methodology so as to clarify the idea of self. Different components that involve the Sense of Self, for example, awareness and choice are dubious fields that obscure the line among nervous system science and theory. By the by, it is obvious that revealing cognizance with regards to psychological instability is a difficult that is hard to determine in the field of neuroscience.

Physical Health Is Wealth Essay

Great wellbeing is a favorable position. It is the genuine gem of life, the most valuable responsibility for. On the off chance that a man misfortunes his wellbeing, the world misfortunes all it charms for him. A decent abundance of wellbeing can be found in various strategies. It needs customary exercise, great food, great musings, and tidiness. A sound individual doesn't burn through cash on meds and visit specialists. Simply coordinating, a latent individual is another type of unlawful of maladies. Sound psyche in a sound body is a youth saying. Sound people can work for long hours without getting drained. They can like all the delights of life, anyway unfortunate people can't. The world has no intrigue for them. They are continually stressed because of their physical troubles. Riches has no significance for them. To keep commendable wellbeing no money is required. It tends to be cultivated distinctly through our endeavors and great social insurance. We can continue great wellbeing just on the off chance that we know about various variables which influence our wellbeing. There are sure things which are basic for keeping our figure of liberated from sicknesses. Solid food starts things out. We should take just that food which has nutritious worth. Some consistency in life is additionally significant for good wellbeing. We ought to get up brief in the first part of the day, go out for a walk, take in outside air to keep our lungs new and in great request, and go for energetic stroll, move arms while strolling. Keeping up clean propensities is likewise significant in such manner. In the event that we don’t scrub down all the time, don't wear clean garments, don't eat new food, we may create physical troubles over the long haul. Thus regularities, great propensities and neatness have extraordinary incentive in keeping up great wellbeing. Adjusting rest and rest are likewise valuable in such manner. Satisfaction is the best medication of good wellbeing. In this way, we should resist the urge to panic by beating outrage, avarice, dread, jealousy and animosity. Life of a solid man is his enduring riches. It makes him ready to appreciate life without limit. The individuals who are affluent may not generally be sound yet the solid individuals are consistently well off.

How to Help a Teacher When Your Child Has ADHD

How to Help a Teacher When Your Child Has ADHD ADHD School Print How to Help a Teacher When Your Child Has ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Klaus Vedfelt / Getty Images ADHD symptoms are often misunderstood. Sometimes the problematic behaviors are viewed as willful and intentional. If your childs teachers don’t have accurate information about ADHD, they may not recognize that these behaviors result from an impairment. An Invisible Disability ADHD is often referred to as an “invisible disability.” On the surface, symptoms may simply not be very obvious, yet they can significantly impair daily functioning. Chris A. Zeigler Dendy, MS, a leading ADHD expert and author, a former teacher with more than 35 years experience, and mother of two grown sons and a daughter with ADHD, compare ADHD with an iceberg. “Like icebergs, many problems related to ADHD are not visible,” explains Dendy.  While hyperactivity may be obvious, other issues may be hidden beneath the surface. The Problem with Focusing on Student Behaviors Often, teachers observe behavioral problems associated with ADHD and attribute them to voluntary, deliberate action. As a result, the response from the adult will be frustration, disappointment or anger. The strategy will be to eliminate the child’s “bad” behavior. The assumption is that the child is the one who must do all the changing from the get-go. The idea of restructuring or modifying a child’s environment does not come into play. Dr. Terry Illes, an expert on ADD/ADHD in the school setting, explains further; “The focus will be on stopping a behavior rather than on teaching new skills, the change will be rapid and negative consequences â€" or punishment â€" will be used to encourage this change. Thus, [the teacher believes] there is no need to make special accommodations for the child with ADHD.” Why Greater Understanding Leads to Better Outcomes Ideally, your childs teacher will understand that his difficulties are related to a learning issue that has an underlying neurological cause. When this is the case, your child’s problems are viewed more clearly as struggles and impairments that are not under the total control of the child. Teachers (and other adults) are more likely to empathize with the child and react with proactive strategies and accommodations to help the child develop coping techniques to minimize deficits. There is also more deliberate effort to teach the child new skills to replace the inappropriate ones. “The teacher intuitively understands that the student would prefer to be as academically successful as other students. And this insight directs the teacher to remediate or fix the student’s learning problem,” explains Dr. Illes. “The focus of change will be on skill building. The change will be gradual and positive consequences will be used to reinforce this progress.” Helping Teachers to Help Your Child Teachers are a vital part of our children’s lives and it is so important to work with them in a positive and collaborative manner. Connect and partner with the teacher. Be a resource for her (or him) in helping to provide educational information about ADHD. Chris Dendy has created an ADD/ADHD Iceberg poster that helps illustrate this point. She lists these “not so obvious” areas of concern including weak  executive functioning,  sleep disturbance,  impaired sense of time, two to four-year developmental delay, not learning easily from rewards and punishment, possible  coexisting conditions, learning problems, low frustration for tolerance, and difficulty controlling emotions. Recognizing these less “visible” impairments helps teachers understand more about the challenges students with ADHD often face. Talk with the principal and check to see if your school has a CHADD Educator’s Manual on ADHD. This book provides an in-depth look at ADHD from an educational perspective and is a wonderful resource, offering practical, concrete strategies teachers can use to help students with ADHD succeed. As with anything, the more you know about something the more insight you will have and the better you will be at utilizing effective strategies.

Quotes About the Rwandan Genocide

Developing A Leadership Style For Fit 21st Century Challenges

Developing a Leadership Style to Fit 21st Century Challenges Kristin Hedstrom Erin Huerta Teresa Tezack James Gilner St. Johns River State College Developing a Leadership Style to Fit 21st Century Challenges Developing a leadership style to fit twenty-first century challenges involve a great deal of knowledge, and patience. There are different leadership styles among managers, and cultures. Two leadership styles are transformational, and transactional. There are many ways leadership has developed, and evolved over time. Leaders in the twenty-first century have faced many challenges such as technological changes, multiple generations in the workforce, and more cultural differences. Fortunately there are solutions for these challenges for twenty-first leadership styles such as offering training to employees, informing employees about the different generations they are working with, and the different cultures in the company. Leadership is when a person motivates, inspires, encourages, and directs activates that will lead to reaching goals (Jones and George, 2013). Being a leader is an important role, one can be a leader at their job, and in their home life. As time progresses seeing women a s leaders is becoming more popular. Entrepreneurial women are becoming direct and indirect leaders (Bullough,, Sully De Luque, Abdelzaher, Heim 2015). With women being in more leadership position it is creating healthier home lives because women are earning theirShow MoreRelatedPriorities For Transforming Nursing Leadership890 Words   |  4 PagesPriorities for Transforming Nursing Leadership Nurses as Leaders in Healthcare Reform Since 2005, nursing has been ranked the most trustworthy profession. Nursing is more than providing care and comfort. In the 21st century, nurses have added client advocacy, educator and manager to the many faces of our profession. During the advancement of my career, I began to identify with the unique contributions that nurses make to organizational boards and committees. I remember my first Quality CouncilRead MoreLeadership Is A Complex Phenomenon Involving The Leader, Followers, And The Situation2291 Words   |  10 Pages Hughes et al. (2012) states that leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, followers, and the situation. Leaders need power to influence others and the ability to empower others, however, in this study, women in leadership roles will be the main highlight and how women have taken on leadership roles in the 21st century. The leader being discussed in this research project is the President of Liberia Mrs. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, a 21st Century female leader who has proved herselfRead MoreThe Role Of Effective Leadership For Driving School Improvements And Meeting The Challenges Of The 21st Century3256 Words   |  14 Pages With reference to wider reading and your own experience, critically discuss the role of effective leadership in driving school improvements and meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Leadership and management in educational settings are defined in many different ways. The Welsh Government (2012, p12) ‘Excellent leadership in schools should be a priority such as setting high expectations for all learners, creating the right culture for improvement; communicating the vision and success alongRead MoreLeadership Philosophy : Dr. Sydney Scott1333 Words   |  6 Pages My Leadership Philosophy Karamjit Hanjra Student ID 1645097 Date: 18th February MADS 6709 Dr. Sydney Scott Fairleigh Dickinson University Leaders are those influential people who carry with themselves the responsibility to inspire others to attain a vision. A leader does not puts greatness into people, rather recognises the greatness that they already have. A leader can have endless attributes to be considered but what matters is the attributes that shine within him and makes him a goodRead MoreUnderstanding Leadership And Empowerment Of The Workplace972 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotation Ba, B.-G. M. (2015). Understanding leadership and empowerment in the workplace. European Scientific Journal, 11(35), 342. Critical Summary of Article Employee empowerment has become an important strategic tool used by leaders of the 21st century. According to Ba (2015), a recent change in management style has led to the empowerment of employees in the workplace creating a situation where empowering followers is an assumed responsibility of all leaders and thought to be a motivationalRead MoreAnalysis Of Douglas Mcgregor s Theory X And Y2331 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Understanding who I am is major key in improving myself as well as my self-worth. This assessment is important in developing management styles techniques that will help me to be successful in the work place. In this paper you will see the self-assessment that was taken to get an understanding of my personality, culture and values relating to others in the work place. Self-Assessment Paper Assessment 1 dealt with Managerial Assumptions. This assessment will give insightRead MoreChanging Hats: Incorporating Transactional, Transformational and Complexivist Leadership Styles into 21st Century Classrooms2960 Words   |  12 Pageswork of the 21st century (Cookson, 2009, p.15). This is the challenge we are currently faced with as educators. Recent academic discourse has critiqued our current education system, claiming that we are left with the legacy of the industrial age which is â€Å"characterized by conformity, age cohorts, bells ringing to summon mass migrations and segregation of skills [that were] necessary for the workforce at that time† (We are the People, n.d.). This is a system that is no longer a ‘best fit’ situationRead MoreManaging Management : Managing And Coaching1444 Words   |  6 Pagesadded value in the ability to coach and develop others. This is often the first step in realizing and solving the issue at hand. Once managers a re able to understand the need to include executive coaching in their skillset they are able to begin developing a plan to include this integral part of management practices. In theory this means more efficient employee development but in reality few managers know how to make coaching work. According to the 2010 Executive Coaching Survey, conductedRead MoreThe Effects Of Gender And Leadership Style2355 Words   |  10 PagesA number of studies focusing on gender and leadership style have been conducted in recent years. Their general conclusion is that males and females do use different styles. Specifically, women tend to adopt a more democratic or participative style with followers. Women are more likely to encourage participation, share power and information, and attempt to enhance follower’s self-worth (Robbins Coulter, 2005,). In putting this in an organizational behavior perspective this shows me that women mightRead MoreAnalyze the Forces Affecting the Human Resource Management Role and Discuss the Ways in Which the Roles May Change.2779 Words   |  12 PagesLiving in the 21st century, the world of human resource management is ch anging more rapidly than can be imagined. As such, HRM in many organizations are facing constant challenges as a result of constant environmental changes ahead of time. Given the new emphasis on adding value as an organizational player, the role of the human resource department has become considerably more multidimensional in m. firms. This essay will reinforce and argue on why HRM today; must respond by taking advantage of

Parkinson s Is A Progressive Condition - 1680 Words

Introduction What is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s is a progressive condition by a loss of never cells in the brain known as neurodegeneration. The cause of neuronal loss in Parkinson’s is still unknown. However, the symptoms can still be explained by the loss of cells that contain neurotransmitter called dopamine. Dopamine is a type of chemical that nerve cells release to communicate with other nerve cells. It is just not responsible for doing that, dopamine has many other functions it must do including important roles in behavior, voluntary movement, motivation, sleep, mood, attention, working memory, and learning. So, in Parkinson’s the neurons that produce dopamine slowly start dying. When dopamine levels get, lower this will cause an imbalance with the other neurotransmitters and will result with confusing both motor and non-motor symptoms which will get worse overtime. (Sethi 2002) Parkinson’s is a really known disease as Alzheimer’ s it is said that there is an estimated number of up to 1.5 million Americans suffering from the disorder at any given time. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015) PD affects 50 percent of more men than women but scientist till this day don’t understand why it hits men more. One huge risk about PD is aging. It is sad that the average age of someone to get PD is 60 years and as they get older the disease starts to significantly rises. It is rare for people younger that can get it. Studies show that about 5 to 10 percent of people can get PD beforeShow MoreRelatedParkinson s Disease Is A Chronic Progressive Movement Disorder Of The Central Nervous System895 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson s disease is a chronic progressive movement disorder of the central nervous system. Early in the course of the disease, the most obvious symptoms are movement-related; these include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and Parkinson’s like gait (leaning forward, small fast pace steps, shuffling, etc.). Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of nerve cells in the brain, entitled neurons. Although damage can be spread about, it primarily affects neuronsRead MoreIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson DiseaseRead MoreParkinson s Disease Is A Progressive Loss Of Functioning Of The Brain1361 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive loss of functioning of the brain that results in stiffness, trembling and loss of fine motor control. This disease mainly affects the neurons in the particular area called the substantia nigra with a total loss of dopamine, the absence of these dopamine-producing cells causes the loss of the brain’s ability to control the body movements progressively (Parkinson’s disease, 2016). Parkinson’s disease is very common, with about 70000 Australians asRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Parkinson s Disease Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson Disease by Melissa Green Topical Bibliography In partial fulfillment of the writing requirement for Anatomy and Physiology 304 and the Department of Speech-Language Pathology SUNY Buffalo State Fall 2016 Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms or tremors, rigidity, (bradykinesia) or slowness of movement and posture instability. Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in theRead MoreNational Parkinson s Foundation : A Progressive Disorder Of The Central Nervous System1249 Words   |  5 PagesNational Parkinson s Foundation Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the central Nervous system and affects both motor and nonmotor functions. parkinson s is caused by a chemical imbalance within the brain. The brain produces a neurotransmitter called dopamine in the basal ganglia, which is structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain. If the Dopamine, Basal ganglia and Thalamus does not function properly then causes major damage,. A person having less and less dopamineRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of my research conducted for this paper was to examine the relationship between Parkinson s disorder and its connection to the anatomy of the human body. Parkinson s is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement due to the loss of Dopamine. Dopamine which is a neurotransmitter located in the brain allows signals to be transported from one nerve cell to another. Its purpose is to regulate both movement and cognition. The loss of these chemical messengers can causeRead MoreOn Nervous Disorders : Parkinson s Disease1193 Words   |  5 PagesOn Nervous Disorders: Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system characterized by tremor, slowed movement, and muscle rigidity; typically only seen in those over the age of forty. It is named after James Parkinson, an English surgeon, whom first described the symptoms of â€Å"the shaking palsy,† in a report published in 1817 (Grimes, 2004). The brain is the control center of the body. The brain orchestrates movement, sensations, feelings, personality, andRead MoreParkinson s No Longer Happens But Is Inherited1181 Words   |  5 Pagesto skip generations and siblings. Most people with Parkinson’s have idiopathic Parkinson s disease, which is having no specific cause. However, a small proportion of cases are due to known genetic factors. Until recently, the relations and diagnosis of the disease and family was unknown, with studies and advancements there has been a discovered inheritance between Parkinson disease and related disorders. Parkinson s disease, like Alzheimer’s is more common in later ages but is affecting youthRead MoreNot Only Is It Detrimental To The Social Development Of1604 Words   |  7 Pagesdetrimental to the overall physical and cognitive health due to the fact that we lose valuable opportunities at early intervention. All three of the most commonly diagnosed degenerative conditions within the geriatric population can have improved prognosis with early intervention. The earlier that these conditions can be identified and diagnosed, the more successful that these individuals will be overall when it comes to their prognosis. For the case of those suffering with cognitive decline, it hasRead MoreParkinson Disease : A Brain Disorder1109 Words   |  5 Pages Parkinson Disease By Teri Gordon BIO 202 Harrisonburg Campus â€Æ' Teri Gordon BIO 202 Kevin Chakos Harrisonburg Campus Research Paper Parkinson Disease Parkinson Disease is a brain disorder that affects movement, loss of muscle control and balance. The first symptoms usually include a tremor of the hand, foot, or leg which is often termed as a â€Å"shaky palsy.† The disease usually slowly progresses with symptoms getting more intense over many years. Some patients who develop Parkinson’s in

Method Business Research Research Proposal -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Benefits And Drawbacks Of Outsourcing On The Performance Of The Organization? What Is The Consequence Of Outsourcing On The Performance Of The Business? What Are The Advantages Of Using Outsourcing? What Are The Disadvantages Of Using Outsourcing? What Is The Importance Of Strategies Developed For Outsourcing The Business Operation? What Is The Impact Of Outsourcing On The Turnover Of The Enterprise? How The Risks Associated With The Business Processes Can Be Reduced? Do Outsourcing Plays Any Role In Reducing Risks Of The Project? What Are The Limitations Of The Outsourcing Associated With The Business Operation? Answers: Introduction The outsourcing of the business process is the fundamental phenomenon for involving the association of the third to complete the project activities. The trend of carrying over the business activities is changing towards the process of outsourcing with the aim of reducing cost incurred on the processes. The reorganization of the expertize staff help in completing the activities with efficiency which results in providing good quality product at the end. The globalization is the major factor for the involvement of open market strategies in completing the business operation (Sarifuzzaman, 2011). The long term growth of the organization can be improved with the effective selection of outsourcing partners. The improved quality of the product helps in reducing risks associated with the customer satisfaction. The project activities and processes can be completed with reduced cost and within the mentioned baseline with the outsourcing of business operation to the third party. In this paper, w e are looking forward to plan a research methodology to determine the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing with regards to business efficiency. Project objective The objective of the research is to reduced cost and improved performance of the project with the inclusion of outsourcing fundamental. The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of outsourcing in carrying over business operations. It also focuses on looking into the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing which plays a vital role in improving the turnover of the organization. Project scope The scope of the project is to clearly define The consequence of outsourcing on the performance of the business. Importance of strategies developed for outsourcing the business operation Impact of outsourcing on the turnover of the enterprise Impact of outsourcing on the customer satisfaction and their perspective view. Limitation of the outsourcing associated with the business operation. Identifies how the in-house capabilities of the enterprise can be improved Literature Review The core functions of the enterprise are provided to the third party to give outsourcing services in completing the business operations (Ray, 2009). The experts opinion is that the performance of the business can be improved with the use of outsourcing process because it helps in adding values to the business activities. The competitive advantage can be gained by utilizing the fundamental tools of outsourcing. The activities of the organization are improved in every sector of the business by using the process of outsourcing like human resource, finance and accounting, IT, and others. The flexibility in the process helps in improving the quality of work done for completing the business operations (Mirza, 2015). The resources of the organization can be efficiently utilized for reducing the cost incurred on the project completion. The globalization is the major factor for the involvement of open market strategies in completing the business operation. The long term growth of the organiza tion can be improved with the effective selection of outsourcing partners. The in-house capabilities of the organization can be improved with the reduction in the cost associated with the completion of the processes (Patricia, 2014). The human resource skills can be improved with the inclusion of training and development program to prepared them according to the requirement of the global market. The marketing strategies of the enterprise can be improved which results into the increasing sale of the product by attracting new customers towards the organization. The high quality services can be provided to the customers by providing business operations to be performed by the third party (Garg, 2016). It has been analysed that in spite of several advantages there are some negative aspect too such as confidentiality of the information is kept at high risks due to the interference of the third party in completing the business operations. The capability of sustaining quality of the product can be improved. The data leakages can be the result of outsourcing. It helps in providing new opportunities to the utilization of the resources in the effective manner. The literature review helps in analysing the use of outsourcing in the financial sector. It helps in the development of cost saving program for the organization. The core skills of the employees can be sharpening according to the business requirement. The stability can be attained in the liquidity state of the enterprise (Krell, 2014). The capability of the information technology and system can be improved. We have determined that the productivity of the enterprise can be improved with the effective utilization of the outsourcing program. It helps in providing flexibility to the business processes which are being undertaken by the organization. The major disadvantage of the outsourcing is that the skills, knowledge, experience of the working employees are not fully utilized to present new ideas and innovative technique to enhance the operational performance of the enterprise. It is difficult to analyse best outsourcing company for increasing the efficiency of the enterprise. Research Hypothesis: The various approaches are used for determining the advantages and disadvantages of the outsourcing technology. The competitive advantage can be gained with the strategic implementation of the outsourcing activities (Millan, 2010). The efficient use of intellectual properties helps in improving the turnover of the enterprise. The following hypothesis is identified with the analysis of the literature review: The core skills of the employees can be effectively improved The strategic evaluation helps in identifying the satisfaction level of the customers and the working employees with the inclusion of outsourcing program Identifying the views and opinions of the working employees on the negative and positive aspect of the outsourcing terminology. Helps in identifying the profit generated by the outsourcing program The following framework is identified with the analysis of the research hypothesis: Research design and methodology The research design is prepared for collecting data related with the research questions prepared to take over the research study on identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the outsourcing program (Kremic, 2013). The research design helps in developing the strategies for the research study to take the research in right direction which helps in identifying the expected outcome of the research study program. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies will be scheduled for collecting relevant and accurate data required for the research to know the real outcome of outsourcing the business operation with regards to the impact on companys performance. The following diagram shows the research design overview: Qualitative Research The following methods are used for collecting information related to the impact of outsourcing on the effective working of the enterprise: Observation method: The observation of the different organization which has undertaken outsourcing under their working curriculum helps in analysing the facts and figures to determine the positive and the negative aspect of outsourcing. We have analysed that the outsourcing is the cost effective program which helps in completing the project within time and budget but the major disadvantage of the outsourcing program is that the knowledge and the experience of the working employees of the organization is not utilized to its full extent. No new innovation comes under curriculum of the business activities. In-depth interview approach: It is peer to peer organization of the interview with the top executives of the enterprise to analyse the impact of outsourcing on the working structure of the business (Haveckin, 2012). Questionnaire: The questions are prepared for collecting the answers from large population sample at a time. The structured format should be prepared for the documentation of the views and opinion of the participating units. The experience of the working employees in the environment of outsourcing program helps in providing clear details about the benefits and drawbacks of the outsourcing methodology. The open ended questionnaire is taken under consideration for recognizing the respondent behaviour of the working employees. Ethical consideration: The ethical laws and policies should be used for conducting a good research strategy for knowing the real situation of the outsourcing in the global market. It helps in identifying the need of outsourcing with the innovation and growth of the digital world (Iqbal, 2014). Text based analysis: This methodology helps in analysing the previous research work to find the relevant facts and figure associated with the outsourcing program. Quantitative Research Sampling method: This method is used for performing descripting statistical approach on the small sample of the population. It helps in carrying over outsourcing activities for the small period of time to analyse the positive and negative aspect of the outsourcing program (Tucker, 2011). Statistical Testing: The statistical testing is performed on the data collected in relation with the efficiency of the outsource program on the other organization which are working on the tactics of outsourcing. Research limitation The limitation of the research depends on the formulation of scope required for carrying out research activity program. The efficient communication techniques are not used while conducting interviews with the high officials and top executives of the enterprise. The data collected is not well documented in the structured format (Hila, 2013). The research activities are not completed within the scheduled time of the project. Time Schedule Research Activity Program Starting date of the research Finishing date of the research Explanation Selection of the research topic 28-Sep-17 29-Sep-17 The topic selected for carrying over the research is Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the business functions Team members selection process 29-Sep-17 01-Oct-17 The analysis of the skills and expertise helps in selecting the team members and provided them their responsibilities to carry over the research study Collection of data for literature review 02-Oct-17 04-Oct-17 The multiple sources can be used for gathering details required to complete the literature review. Process of literature review 05-Oct-17 07-Oct-17 The information should be written in the well-structured format which is collected from reviewing the literature review. It helps in understanding the research questions designed for the research study Development program of the research question 08-Oct-17 10-Oct-17 The primary and secondary research questions should be designed for undertaking the research in the right direction Preparation of the draft according to the research topic 11-Oct-17 20-Oct-17 It helps in specifying the research objective and scope of the research and what will be the possible outcome of the research study on outsourcing of the business operation Methodologies used for carrying out research 21-Oct-17 15-Nov-17 Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies will be scheduled for collecting relevant and accurate data required for the research to know the real outcome of outsourcing the business operation with regards to the impact on companys performance Reviewing of the research proposal 16-Nov-17 23-Nov-17 The researcher should approved the draft to carry over further research in determining the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the business operations to the third party Research proposal approval 24-Nov-17 25-Nov-17 Researcher signed for approving the draft Analysis phase of the research 26-Nov-17 31-Dec-17 The data should be analysed which is collected from multiple sources and research methodologies Evaluation phase 01-Jan-18 10-Jan-18 The analysis and the findings of the research helps in gaining expected outcome of the research Closure of the research study 11-Jan-18 20-Jan-18 Completion of research on the topic Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the business functions to the third party Conclusion In this paper, we have focused on looking into the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing which plays a vital role in improving the turnover of the organization. The implementation of the research methodology helps in identifying positive and negative aspect of the outsourcing policies. The high quality services can be provided to the customers by providing business operations to be performed by the third party. Data leakages and loss of confidentiality is the major disadvantage associated with the inclusion of third party to complete the business activities. References Garg, J. (2016). The changing trends of outsourcing business operation to India. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.rigelnetworks.com/changing-trends-outsourcing-business-operations-india/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Haveckin, B. (2012). Information technology outsourcing by large organization. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19401/1/Brian_Haveckin.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Hila, C. (2014). Outsourcing within the supply chain management framework. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://conferinta.management.ase.ro/archives/2014/pdf/31.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Iqbal, J. (2013). Outsourcing: A review of trends, winners, and loser and future direction. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_8_Special_Issue_July_2013/9.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Krell, E. (2014). Outsourcing the finance and accounting function. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/tech_mag_outsourcing_the_finance_and_accounting_functions_oct07.pdf.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Kremic, T. (2013). Outsourcing decision support: A survey of benefits, risks, and decision factor. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://ankara.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11780/sites/default/files/Outsourcing-Survey.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Millan, M. (2010). The benefits and risks of outsourcing. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e698d613-af77-4e34-b84e-940e14e94ce4 [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Mirza, A. (2015). The impact of outsourcing on the organization and economy. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:831505/FULLTEXT01.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Patricia, P. (2014). Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://smartchurchmanagement.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-outsourcing/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Ray, G. (2009). Finance and accounting outsourcing: An empirical study of service providers. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Sarifuzzaman, M. (2011). The impact of outsourcing on the company performance. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/bitstream/handle/10361/2993/12282018.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Tucker, J. (2011). The pros and cons of outsourcing. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/1998/jun/antonuci.html [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]

Rock and Hip Hop the most Loved Forms of Music free essay sample

Hip Hop Rock and Hip Hop are two of the most loved forms of music today. Unfortunately many lovers of Rock despise Hip Hop and vise versa. Personally, I love both and believe that both genres are great in their own ways. I am going to compare and contrast Rock music and HIP Hop music In the categories of lyrics, beats, and sound. First I will discuss lyrics; lyrics are the words In the song. Artists In both genres use lyrics that many people find offensive.This is more typically found in Hip Hop artists. The artists degrade women, talk about drug abuse, theft, gun usage, and many others. Rock is also guilty for doing this but it is not as common as in the Hip Hop community. The lyrics of many rock groups are somewhat rebellious and often a downer. Rock music talks about becoming fed up with life because someone you know hates you. We will write a custom essay sample on Rock and Hip Hop the most Loved Forms of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some HIP Hop and Rock; however, can be funny but with Hip Hop funny, Is also vulgar. In this case many people would choose Rock due to less widespread vulgarity.Now I will compare beats; beats are the tune to the song. In Hip Hop beats are combination of sounds from any number of instruments are added one at a time and each one varies in volume. In Rock, beats are created mostly by band members in a group normally consisting of a guitarist, a bass player, and a drummer; the lead singer may also play guitar. The band members come up with the beats to play. In both genres the artists may sample or borrow a part of another artist. A sample Is usually small such as a drum solo. T some can be entire songs save the lyrics. Sampling is very common in Hip Hop. Artists constantly sample a song that is years old. Many Hip Hop songs on the radio sample old songs popular from the sixties to the nineties. Rock tends to be more original in its beats; this makes the songs more unique than Hip Hops. Sound is one of the, if not the most, important aspect of music. If people dont Like the finished product they will most likely pay no attention to anything else In the song. The sound Is the song Itself when the beats ND lyrics are mixed together. All Rock songs have a sound that sets them apart. In Rock songs the guitars and drums are extremely recognizable, but what really stick out are the screams. Screams are the yells and screeches the lead singer often uses in a song and if used properly can give a great boost to the music. Hip Hop also has a distinct sound. No other form of music mixes beats like Hip Hop does. In a Hip Hop song the beats may sound like drums but are synthesized to sound differently than NY real drum. These genres are very different. Rock songs are loud and explosive, and like a plane taking off they make you shake. Hip Hop songs can be smooth or rough depending on the artist. A smooth song lets you relax and enjoy the music with soft less vulgar lyrics and a calming sound. Rough Hip Hop makes you want to dance with fast beats and any lyrics that rhyme.

3 Reasons Quitting Might Be the Right Thing to Do

3 Reasons Quitting Might Be the Right Thing to Do The world is full of inspirational posters, coffee mugs, and bumper stickers telling us not to be quitters. But that kind of blanket dogma- black-and-white in a world of grey- can be hurtful on occasions when giving up might actually be the best idea. Here are three reasons why we think this advice doesn’t always have to be the final word. 1. It  can lead you to the path you really wantIt’s all well and good to say â€Å"winners never quit and quitters never win,† but what if you’ve devoted yourself to the wrong pursuit and quitting could lead you to a better one- where you could actually win and not just slog away forever because you’ve been told you’d be weak or lazy if you quit?If you’re on the wrong track, and you know it, sometimes quitting is the braver, nobler thing to do. And it just might be the only route to winning in the end. So have the courage to take stock of where you are and what you’re doing.2. Sometimes,   you’re just truly unhappyThere are a ton of cognitive biases that already predispose us against quitting. Like the sunk cost fallacy (â€Å"I’ve already spent so much on this hobby,† or â€Å"I’ve wasted so much of my life playing the tuba, so I can’t switch to building miniature boats†) or our bias towards the status quo (â€Å"I may have it rough now, but the unknown could be even worse†). Not to mention loss aversion and the need to hold on to whatever gains we’ve made at all costs. But none of these are good reasons to stick it out in bad relationships or careers. The last thing we need is some smarmy â€Å"Never give up† slogan making us feel even worse about our prospects.3. You  can set an example  and be an inspirationQuitting is considered weak, and quitters a failure. But we should buck this trend. Wouldn’t it be better to encourage people to be more mindful about what they do? And to check in from t ime to time to see whether they should still be doing it?Next time you notice someone spewing platitudes on Facebook about quitters or inspirational gifs about never giving up, take a moment to disagree. That advice can keep people from being their best selves, and can actually be harmful when wielded willy-nilly.

History of Nike Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Nike - Research Paper Example The initial name adopted for the company now known as NIKE, was Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), whose dual founders were Philip Knight and Bill Bowerman in January 1964 (Quinn, 60). While Philip Knight was a track athlete at the time, the latter was his coach during that period (Quinn, 60). The duo initially started business by distributing the products of Japanese shoe maker  (en.wikipedia.org) Onitsuka Tiger and this was carried out by selling shoes in Knight’s car trunk at occasional track meets (Frisch, 8). This gave them an interesting opportunity to promote the products in front of athletes and the likes. With antics such as these, the company earned large profits and 1967 saw the opening of the first ever retail store of the BRS, in Santa Monica, California (Frisch, 8). Around 1971 BRS called it quits with their primary distributer and took the plunge of launching their own line of footwear (Frisch, 16). June 18, 1971 was the first time ever when one of BRS’s product s, a soccer shoe named ‘NIKE’, deriving its name from the Greek goddess of victory, bore the design Swoosh, by Carolyn Davidson (Carbasho, 9). The next year BRS introduced its first line of NIKE shoes and eight years later BRS, Inc. officially came to be known as NIKE, Inc., (Wong, 220). Initially the advertising for trading companies was done through mail order as was the norm in the first half of the twenty first century. However post 1970, whenever companies intended to give out any sort of discounts or inform of any new arrivals, Newspaper advertisements was the medium chosen. Radio and television were also considered as other ways which have been used since the beginning of NIKE to market its products, but Ingham (314) provides proof that a print ad from the 1970s suggested that "word-of-foot" advertising was causing more people to like the products of BRS/NIKE rather than television ads. According to Wahl

Acctg discussion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Acctg discussion - Case Study Example The ethical issue for Jim is whether the increase that he is calling for is due to a specific and truly justifiable reason(s). Secondly there is the issue that this budget is used in the allocation of bonuses and capital improvements. His calling for the increase in the budget may be so as to unfairly place him at a position to get more money for these two items. This is despite the fact that he might not be rightfully entitled to them. The two factors together bring with them an ethical dilemma seeing that he stands to profit personally by the higher bonuses that would be paid to him by headquarters. Also that he would have a larger budget according him the increased option of taking on additional risk, which may not be possible with the original budget The first point of consideration is if these numbers have been inflated for the wrong reasons. Discovery of this by headquarters may lead to him losing his job. Secondly the headquarters may instigate investigations into the hotel’s books for the period during his tenure to make a determination as to how long this has been going on. This is so as to ensure that all the previous budget numbers were above board. There is also the possibility of budget cuts and allocations from headquarters that may actually affect the hotels operation for the coming year. If these figures are actually justifiable on the other hand, there may be increased scrutiny of the hotel just to ensure that the budgeted items are accounted for in the new financial year. If this directive came from the bank manager then Jim has two options. On the one end being the controller he has the ability to counter check the managers directives so as to make a determination of whether these are true claims or not. Secondly he may engage with the manager to discuss the basic ethical concerns that the issue raises

A Room with a View: Chapter by Chapter Analysis

A Room with a View: Chapter by Chapter Analysis Opening a Window A Room with a View by E.D. Forster explores the struggle between the expectations of a conventional lady of the British upper class and pursuing the heart. Miss Lucy Honeychurch must choose between class concerns and personal desires. Honeychurch is a respectable young lady from a well-known family. She travels with Miss Charlotte Bartlett to Italy at the turn of the century. In Italy they meet Mr. Emerson and George Emerson. George is young man who falls in love with Lucy. Mr. Emerson is an idealist and a dreamer. Only a couple of days after they get to Italy George kisses Lucy while standing in the middle of a waving field of grass. George does this with out her permission or discussion. Even though this surprises Lucy and backs away she still participates in the kiss that tells the readers that there is something in her heart that drives her toward George. Georges function in A Room with a View is clear: he is a source of passion in a society that is tightly sealed with convention, timidity, and dryness. When Lucy comes home to Britain she is proposed to by Cecil. She accepts the offer because she knows that it is the proper thing to do. Cecil is an intelligent, well-respected man but lacks the passion that George penetrates. When Cecil attempts to kiss Lucy it is very different than George. He first of all asks permission, then Cecil timidly moves in to kiss her, and lastly his glasses fall off. This example shows the difference between Cecil and George and how Cecil lacks the aggression an d desire that George has. Lucy has to make the decision between the mind and the heart. She is torn between Cecils world of books and conformity and Georges world of passion and nature. This decision is not easy for Lucy to make. Lucy came really close to marrying the wrong man due to her lack of thought. She has grown up and lived a life of proper existence. However, Lucy possesses passionate qualities they have just been repressed her entire life. Her only emotion outlet is the piano, in which she prefers dramatic pieces by Beethoven. She plays the piano in order to let out her frustrations brought on by her surrounding characters. Lucy is brought up to be proper and not outgoing or passionate. George will eventually show her how to be passionate and open to new ideas. George is a man that breaks the chains of conformity to free Lucys spirit and he does this efficiency. George kisses Lucy for the second time and he explains that love exists between them. He tells Lucy that she can not marry Cecil because he does not understand women and will never understand Lucy. George also explains that Cecil only thinks that he loves but in actuality only wants her for an ornament. George, on the other hand, wants her as his partner in the great adventure of life. Lucy has lied to herself and to everyone else around her until she is eventually cornered into tearfully admitting her love for George. A Room with a View is a love story about a young proper women who is engaged to a proper man she does not love, and the frantic efforts a another young man to her see what love is and that she loves him. Lucy struggles between what is expected of her and what she really wants. By the end of the novel, George will have offered Lucy a view out of the window of her life. George will have opened a window for her. British social comedy examines a young heroines struggle against straitlaced Victorian attitudes as she rejects the man her family has encouraged her to marry and chooses, instead, a socially unsuitable fellow she met on holiday in Italy. Classic exploration of passion, human nature and social convention. A Room with a View was published in 1908. It was one of Forsters earliest novels, and it has become one of his most famous and popular. E.M. Forster was twenty-nine at the time of publication; two earlier novels, Where Angels Fear to Tread and The Longest Journey, had been poorly received. A Room with a View was blessed with good reviews, but it would not be until 1910 and the publication of Howards End that Forster would have his first major success. The novel deals with a group of British characters in two major settings: Part One and the final chapter are set in Florence, Italy, and Part Two is set mostly in a quiet part of Surrey, England. Forsters characters, like Forster himself at the time of the novels writing, live in the time of the British Empires zenith. With possessions in every part of the globe, the British Empire was as yet untouched by the difficulties of the two world wars. The monarch of England was also the king of Canada and the emperor of India; English citizens enjoyed the fruits of a system of exploitation and oppression that touched the far corners of the world. The remnants of Victorian sensibilities were still very much alive. Prim and proper Brits worried about refinement, the virtue of young girls, and the control of the passions. But it was also a time of change. Women began to clamor more loudly than ever for equal rights. Socialists were challenging old ideas about class and religion, and artists and thinkers began to challenge Victorian attitudes about emotion and sexuality. A Room with a View was one of those challenges. The story of young Lucy Honeychurchs choice between propriety and love, the novel casts Socialists as heroes and prim spinsters as antagonists. Lucys dramatic choice at the end of the novel is not only a victory for passion, but for womans independence. It was common for British citizens, particularly young men and women, to take the grand tour of Italy. The idea was for educated Brits to expose themselves to the work of Renaissance and Roman artists and architects, but like tourists throughout the ages, many travelers only had a superficial experience of Italy. They stayed with other British travelers, looked down on the Italians, and went to museums and ancient churches with their books of art criticism in hand. Forster criticizes this kind of tourist, but with some gentleness and a good deal of humor. A Room with a View is wonderful social commentary, but it is no acrid satire. The novel prefers to laugh lovingly at its subjects, and in the end the good in people matters much more to Forster than their shortcomings. The novel deals with Lucys growth toward self-awareness; by the end, she has learned the importance of expressing passion honestly. At the time, Forster was at the beginning of his first important relationship. A Room with a View is dedicated to H.O.M., Hugh Meredith, Forsters first love and the model for George Emerson. Throughout the novel, Forster speaks with great insight on the subject of repressed passion and the war between desire and societys conventions. His experiences as a gay man at the beginnings of his first relationship undoubtedly had a great influence on the writing of the novel. His lack of sexual experience also explains some of the novels shortcomings; although he writes beautifully about the beginning stages of the courtship between Lucy and George, in the final chapter he seems less certain, less insightful. Still, the book is an accomplished and beautiful love story, full of cutting but ultimately generous insights. And there are unforgettable moments: the firs t kiss between George is Lucy, passionate and unexpected on a hillside covered with violets, is one of the finest kisses in modern literature. Propriety and Passion: The conflict between social convention and passion is a central theme of the novel. Lucys match with George, by social standards, is completely unacceptable. But it is the only match that could make her happy. Her match with Cecil is far more conventional, but marriage to Cecil would destroy Lucys spirit. The Emersons are truly unconventional people. They care almost nothing for propriety. Mr. Emerson, a Socialist, speaks with great feeling about the importance of passion and the beauty of the human body. The British characters of the novel have very strong ideas about the need to repress passion and control young girls. To achieve happiness, Lucy will have to fight these standards, many of which she has internalized, and learn to appreciate her own desires. The beauty of human beings: A Room with a View is social commentary, but Forsters depictions of people are ultimately generous. He gently mocks the Honeychurches for their bourgeois habits, but he does not shy from depicting their strengths. They are loving and sincere, generous with guests and with each other. Cecils greatest fault is that he is entirely too critical of people. He cannot appreciate the good in the simple country gentry with whom Lucy has grown up. Even Charlotte, the prim spinster who is a major obstacle to the love between Lucy George, is allowed to have a moment of grace. In the end, Forster appreciates his characters goodness much more than he mocks their faults. Travel and the idea of Italy: Travel is a powerful force in the novel, and at its best it can be a life-altering experience. The heart of travel is to allow a place to get under ones skin; staying at British pensions and scorning Italian peasants do not the constitute the best experience one can get out of Italy. Italy gives Lucy insights into her life back at Windy Corner. It changes her perspective of herself. Although her experiences there confuse her, in working through the confusion she becomes a self-assured and independent young woman. The beautiful and the delicate: Lucy asks in the first chapter if beauty and delicacy are really synonyms. One of Lucys important lessons is that beauty need not be refined; much is beautiful in the gesture of kindness that oversteps propriety, or the act of passion that ignores convention. Lucy has to learn to see beauty in things that her society scorns or condemns. Womans position and independence: The Emersons are fervent believers in the equality of men and women. Lucy is not a rebel at heart, but she is often frustrated by the limitation put on her sex. Her marriage to Cecil could never be one between equals. Cecil is not so much in love with Lucy as he is in love with some idea of what a woman is supposed to be. He constantly compares her to a work of art, which, although it may be flattering, also objectifies her and ignores that she is a living person. What Lucy needs, although she does not know it, is a relationship between equals. She has no desire to be protected or instructed. Connection between nature and man: One of Mr. Emersons convictions is that man and nature are inextricable from each other, and only the mistakes of civilization separate man from his natural state. Closely connected to the theme of passion and the body, this theme runs throughout the novel. Forster emphasizes it by having the weather often mirror the thoughts of his characters. He also connects George and Lucy to the land at key points. Passion and the body: If nature and man are inextricable from each other, it follows that there should be no shame for the body or passion. Societys conventions try to hide both. The body must be hidden, a thing of which one should feel ashamed; passions must be controlled and regulated by rules tied to class and gender. Lucy has to overcome these conventions if she is to allow herself to love George. The Medieval/the Renaissance/the Classical: Forster uses time periods to represent characters and their attitudes. Uptight Cecil is always associated with the medieval; George is associated with the myths of the classical world. Italy is the land of both the classical Roman world and the Renaissance, and Forster uses these eras as symbols of beauty and passion. Music: Lucys relationship to her music is an important insight into her character. Her playing is an indication that she has untapped reserves of passion; Mr. Beebe remarks that one day Lucy will live as well as she plays. Lucys music also articulates her feelings better than her words can, and after playing she is more certain of what she wants. The Muddle: Forster constantly uses the word muddle to describe Lucys state of mind. The muddle arises when everything that one has been taught suddenly is thrown into doubt. It is one of the marks of growing up. Lucys muddle is frightening and confusing, but in working through it she will become a stronger and wiser person. Class snobbery: Class snobbery is a constant feature of A Room with a View. The Emersons, because they are not refined, are the most frequent victims of this snobbery. Country gentry look down on those who work hard for a living; Cecil looks down on the suburban ways of country gentry. Lucy has to overcome the class bigotry that she has been taught. Short Summary Lucy Honeychurch, a young English woman, is vacationing with her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, at an Italian pension for British guests. They are vacationing in Italy together, and currently they are in Florence. While bemoaning the poor views outside their windows, Lucy and Charlotte are interrupted by another guest, an old man by the name of Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers them a room swap; he and his son George are both in rooms that offer beautiful views of Florence. Charlotte refuses; for a woman to accept such an offer from a man would make her indebted to him. It would be a serious breach of propriety. But later that evening, after the intercession of another guest, a clergyman named Mr. Beebe, Charlotte accepts the offer. Their stay in Florence continues, and Lucy continues to run into the eccentric Emersons. They are socially unacceptable by the snobbish standards of the other guests, but Lucy likes them. One day, while Lucy is walking alone in Florence, she witnesses a murder. George happens to be there, too, and he catches her when she faints. On the way home, they have a strange, intimate conversation as they walk along the river. But George stirs up feelings in Lucy that she is not ready to face, and she resolves not to see him again. However, later that week, they both end up on a carriage ride into the hills near Florence. The various British travelers disperse and wander around the hills, and Lucy finds herself alone. She stumbles onto an earth terrace covered with violets, and finds herself face-to-face with George. He kisses her, but the kiss is interrupted by Charlotte. The next day, under Charlottes direction, Lucy and Charlotte leave for Rome. Part 2 begins after the passage of several months. We are back at Windy Corner, the Honeychurch home in Surrey, England. In Rome, Lucy spent a good deal of time with a man named Cecil Vyse. The Vyses and the Honeychurches are on friendly terms, but Cecil and Lucy only knew each other superficially before Italy. In Italy, Cecil proposed to Lucy twice. She rejected him both times. As Part 2 begins, Cecil is proposing yet again. This time, she accepts. Now that they are engaged, Cecil and Lucy must spend time with Lucys various neighbors. Cecil, an aristocratic Londoner, despises the ways of the country gentry. He also dislikes Lucys brother, Freddy, and is not overly fond of Lucys mother. But Lucy puts up with it. At Charlottes request, she has never told anyone about her kiss with George. But before too long, the Emersons move into Cissie villa, a home not far from Windy Corner. Lucy is forced to face George Emerson again, but she manages to deal with him at a distance. She continues her engagement to Cecil, even though signs indicate that she is anxious about the marriage on a deep psychological level. To the reader, it is obvious that they are completely unsuitable for each other, but Lucy persists in the engagement. Soon, things come to a head: Charlottes boiler is broken, and she comes to stay as a guest at Windy Corner. And during her stay, Freddy, who has befriended George, invites George to come play tennis. It is all to take place on Sunday, and Lucy is terrified of what might happen. On Sunday, Cecil refuses to play tennis and pesters everyone by reading aloud from a bad British novel. Lucy soon realizes that the novel is written by Miss Lavish, a woman who stayed at their pension in Florence. Cecil reads a particularly humorous passage aloud, but Lucy sees nothing humorous about it: it is a fictional recreation of her kiss with George. The names are different, but the situation is unmistakable. She realizes that Charlotte told Miss Lavish what happened. George is also present for the reading of the passage. On the way back to the house, George catches Lucy alone in the garden and kisses her again. Lucy confronts Charlotte angrily about her indiscretion. She resolves to put George in his place. She has Charlotte sit in the room as support and witness, and she orders George never to return to Windy Corner. George argues with her passionately. He tells her that Cecil is stifling and unsuitable for her; Cecil will never love her enough to want her to be independent. George loves her for who she is. Lucy is shaken by his words, but she stands firm. George leaves, heartbroken. However, later that night, Cecil refuses again to play tennis with Freddy. Something in his refusal makes Lucy see him truthfully for the first time. She breaks off the engagement that very night. But Lucy still cannot admit to anyone, including herself, her feelings for George. Rather than stay at Windy Corner and face George, she resolves to leave for Greece. But one day not long before she is supposed to leave, she goes to church with her mother and Charlotte and meets Mr. Emerson in the ministers study. Mr. Emerson does not know that Lucy has broken off the engagement, but Lucy realizes before long that she cannot lie to the old man. She talks with him, and Mr. Emerson realizes that she has deep feelings for George. He presses the issue, forcing her to confront her own feelings. Finally, she admits that she has been fighting her love for George all along. The novel closes in Florence, where George and Lucy are spending their honeymoon. Not having her mothers consent, Lucy has eloped with George. Things are difficult with her family, but there is hope that it will get better. Whatever happens, George and Lucy have each other, and their life together promises to be full of happiness and love. We open in Florence at the Pension Bertolini, a pension for British travelers. Young Lucy Honeychurch and her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, are bemoaning the poor rooms that they have been given. They were promised rooms with views. The two women sit at dinner in their pension, along with the other guests. Lucy is disappointed because the pension hostess has turned out to be British, and the dà ©cor of the pension seems lifted right out of a room in London. While Miss Bartlett and Lucy talk, an old man interrupts them to tell them that his room has a nice view. The man is Mr. Emerson; he introduces his son, George Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers Miss Bartlett and Lucy a room swap. The men will take the rooms over the courtyard, and Lucy and Charlotte will take the more pleasant rooms that have views. Miss Bartlett is horrified by the offer, and refuses to accept; she begins to ignore the Emersons and resolves to switch pensions the next day. Just then, Mr. Beebe, a clergyman that Lucy and Charlotte know from England, enters. Lucy is delighted to meet someone she knows, and she shows it; now that Mr. Beebe is here, they must stay at the Pension Bertolini. Lucy has heard in letters from her mother that Mr. Beebe has just accepted a position at the parish of Summer Street, the parish of which Lucy is a member. Mr. Beebe and Lucy have a pleasant talk over dinner, in which he gives Lucy advice about the sites of Florence. This vacation is Lucys first time in Florence. Soon, almost everyone at the table is giving Lucy and Miss. Bartlett advice. The torrent of advice signifies the acceptance of Lucy and Miss Bartlett into the good graces of the pension guests; Lucy notes that the Emersons are outside of this fold. After the meal, some of the guests move to the drawing room. Miss Bartlett discusses the Emersons with Mr. Beebe; Beebe does not have a very high opinion of Mr. Emerson, but he thinks him harmless, and he believes no harm would have come from Miss Bartlett accepting Mr. Emersons offer. Mr. Emerson is a Socialist, a term that is used by Mr. Beebe and Miss Bartlett with clear disapproval. Miss Bartlett continues to ask Mr. Beebe about what she should have done about the offer, and if she should apologize, until Mr. Beebe becomes annoyed and leaves. An old lady approaches the two women and talks with Miss Bartlett about Mr. Emersons offer. Lucy asks if perhaps there was something beautiful about the offer, even if it was not delicate. Miss Bartlett is puzzled by the question; to her, beauty and delicacy are the same thing. Mr. Beebe returns: he has arranged with Mr. Emerson to have the women take the room. Miss Bartlett is not quite sure what to do, but she accepts. She takes the larger room, which was occupied by George, because she does not want Lucy to be indebted to a young man. She bids Lucy goodnight and inspect her new quarters, and she finds a piece of paper pinned to the washstand that has an enormous note of interrogation scrawled on it. Though she feels threatened by it, she saves it for George between two pieces of blotting paper. Analysis Lucy is young and naà ¯ve; she is bright but not brilliant, although she has enough imagination and compassion to begin to look beyond the social conventions of her class and time. Forsters novel is full of insightful social commentary on the stuffiness of British social conventions. Modern readers are often surprised by Miss Bartletts deep anxieties about accepting a room trade with the generous but socially outcast Emersons. Miss Bartlett is acting under social pressures from several different directions. For one thing, Lucys mother has paid for Miss Bartletts travel expenses, and Miss Bartlett therefore feels responsible for guarding Miss Honeychurch from any possible harm. For Miss Bartlett, life is lived in accordance with what are arguably very precious and ridiculous concerns. Nothing is worse than a scene, and she must also guard Lucy from feeling obligation to a young man. Sex is a source of terrible anxiety for the British of this period, and a young womans reputation must be guarded at all costs. Lucy brings up an important theme of the novel when she asks about the delicate and the beautiful. Lucy wonders if delicacy and beauty might be different things, while Charlotte assumes that they are synonymous. As her social world defines beauty and delicacy, the two qualities are one and the same; beauty is found in politeness, in circuitous and subtle conversation, in avoidance of direct confrontation or over-earnest expressions of emotion. There is not beauty, therefore, in Mr. Emersons generous offer of a room trade. But Lucy is more imaginative than her cousin, and she is able to see that there is beauty in Mr. Emersons socially clueless but generous offer. He is completely unaware of the anxiety he is causing Miss Bartlett; either that or his is completely unconcerned about it. The important thing to him is the generosity of his offer. He does not intend to put Lucy or Charlotte under obligation. He sincerely thinks that a room with a view should go to the one who most enjoys the view. Lucy will have to learn to come to her own understanding of beauty. We see more of Lucys sensitivity and naturally sympathetic and sensitive disposition when she realizes that she and Charlotte have been accepted by the other guests of the pension. She sees that Mr. Emerson and George have not been accepted, and this knowledge makes her feel sorry for them. But Lucy is not strong enough yet to affect the world around her. Note that Charlotte handles all the details of the room trade, and Lucy is not yet confident enough to articulate her doubts about the stuffiness and petty concerns of her social world. Italy and travel make another important theme. The heart of this theme is a new places ability to get under the skin of the traveler, transforming her. Though she is not yet fully aware of it, Lucy longs for this kind of experience. She is deeply disappointed by the Pension Bertolini, which to her seems like another piece of England. She wants to go out into Italy and feel it fully, as richly as she can, away from the safety of British dà ©cor and sensibilities. The pension is juxtaposed to the world outside; the inside of the pension is decorated like a room in London. British social conventions are preserved and protected from the foreign country that surrounds the pension on all sides. The pension protects the guests from Italy, and so it prevents the transforming experience that is the best result of travel. Italy is also a direct challenge to the idea of beauty and delicacy being identical. Italys beauty is refined and sophisticated, but there is nothing delicate about its colo ssal Roman ruins, dramatic countryside, or rustic peasants. Lucys longing for a room with a view is a metaphor for her longing to connect with Italy and the new experiences the country offers. Instead of a view of the courtyard, she wants a view of the country. The window opening out into Florence symbolizes Lucys openness to a new world. Chapter Two In Santa Croce with No Baedeker: Summary: Lucy looks out her window onto the beautiful scene of a Florence morning. Miss Bartlett interrupts her reverie and encourages Lucy to begin her day; in the dining room, they argue politely about whether or not Miss Bartlett should accompany Lucy on a bit of sightseeing. Lucy is eager to go but does not wish to tire her cousin, and Miss Bartlett, though tired, does not want Lucy to go alone. A clever lady, whose name is Miss Lavish, intercedes. After some discussion, it is agreed that Miss Lavish and Lucy will go out together to the church of Santa Croce. The two women go out, and have a lively (but not too involved) conversation about politics and people they know in England. Suddenly, they are lost. Lucy tries to consult her Baedeker travel guide, but Miss Lavish will have none of it. She takes the guide book away. In their wanderings, they cross the Square of the Annunziata; the buildings and sculptures are the most beautiful things Lucy has ever seen, but Miss Lavish drags her forward. The women eventually reach Santa Croce, and Miss Lavish spots Mr. Emerson and George. She does not want to run into them, and seems disgusted by the two men. Lucy defends them. As they reach the steps of the church, Miss Lavish sees someone she knows and rushes off. Lucy waits for a while, but then she sees Miss Lavish wander down the street with her friend and Lucy realizes she has been abandoned. Upset, she goes into Santa Croce alone. The church is cold, and without her Baedeker travel guide Lucy feels unable to correctly view the many famous works of art housed there. She sees a child hurt his foot on a tomb sculpture and rushes to help him. She then finds herself side-by-side with Mr. Emerson, who is also helping the child. The childs mother appears and sets the boy on his way. Lucy feels determined to be good to the Emersons despite the disapproval of the other pension guests. But when Mr. Emerson and George invite her to join them in their little tour of the church, she knows that she should be offended by such an invitation. She tries to seem offended, but Mr. Emerson sees immediately that she is trying to behave as she has seen others behave, and tells her so. Strangely, Lucy is not angry about his forwardness but is instead somewhat impressed. She asks to be taken to look at the Giotto frescoes. The trio comes across a tour group, including some tourists from the pension, led by a clergyman named Mr. Eager. Mr. Eager spews commentary on the frescoes, which Mr. Emerson heartily disagrees with; he is skeptical of the praise and romanticizing of the past. The clergyman icily leads the group away. Mr. Emerson, worried that he has offended them, rushes off to apologize. George confides in Lucy that his father always has that effect on people. His earnestness and bluntness are repellent to others. Mr. Emerson returns, having been snubbed. Mr. Emerson and Lucy go off to see other works. Mr. Emerson, sincere and earnest, shares his concerns for his son. George is unhappy. Lucy is not sure how to react to this direct and honest talk; Mr. Emerson asks her to befriend his son. She is close to his age and Mr. Emerson sense much that is good in the girl. He hopes that these two young people can learn from each other. George is deeply saddened by life itself and the transience of human ex istence; this cerebral sorrow all seems very strange to Lucy. George suddenly approaches them, to tell Lucy that Miss Bartlett is here. Lucy realizes that one of the old women in the tour group must have told Charlotte that Lucy was with the Emersons. When she seems distressed, Mr. Emerson expresses sympathy for her. Lucy becomes cold, and she informs him that she has no need for his pity. She goes to join her cousin. Analysis: Although Miss Lavish prides herself on being original and unconventional, Forster subtly shows that her radicalism is polite, precious, and limited. She disapproves of the Emersons just as much as everyone else does, and though she pretends to be worldly and well traveled (she takes away Lucys Baedeker guide), she gets the two women lost. Nor does she understand the value of getting lost: she is so fixated on getting the women to Santa Croce that she rushes past the beautiful Square of the Annunziata without noticing a thing. Her attitude toward the Italians is patronizing in the extreme: she defines democracy as being kind to ones inferiors. Although Forster is writing incisive social commentary on the stuffiness of British society, he uses Miss Lavish as an example of a certain kind of false rebelliousness. She is ultimately as snobby and precious as everyone else, and her brand of radicalism tends to reinforce stuffy conventions rather than challenge them. Lucy is not a brilliant girl, and she lacks the originality and confidence to make her own judgments about art. In Santa Croce, she longs for her Baedeker guide so that she can know good art from bad. She lacks the confidence to just look at the paintings; she wants to know which frescoes have been pronounced by the critics to be truly beautiful. Lucy has some generosity of spirit and often feels uncomfortable with stifling social conventions, but she is not a genius or revolutionary. She is still young and very naà ¯ve; by the novels end she will be a much wiser and independent person. Part of Forsters brilliance is his restraint. He resists the temptation to make Lucy into a brilliant firebrand, and instead makes her to be, in many ways, a very typical girl for her class and education. She is often caught between convention and an inner sense of what is beautiful rather than delicate. She is unquestionably drawn to George Emerson. In Santa Croce, she notices that his face is rugged and handsome, and she also notices the strength and physical attractiveness of his body. But his melancholy attitude puzzles her, and his angst seems humorous to her in some ways. Mr. Emerson compares him to the child that stumbled and hurt his toe on a tomb statue of Santa Croce. The tomb becomes a symbol of mortality, and George has stubbed his too; George is upset by mortality and the transience of human existence. Life itself hurts and puzzles him. Mr. Emersons social awkwardness and earnestness combine to make him a very unpopular man. Even Lucy rebuffs him at the end of this chapter, resenting his pity for her. But we can see from his attempted apology to Mr. Eager that he does not mean to offend; in fact, he earnestly desires that everyone should always have a nice time. And his criticism of Mr. Eagers romanticizing of Giottos art and time has its own valid perspective, although Mr. Emerson has difficulty expressing his ideas tactfully. Cha Human Resource Management: State Bank of Pakistan Human Resource Management: State Bank of Pakistan The purpose of this report is to give an overview of the Human Resource Management of the bank , which management of the State Bank of Pakistan practice provides to its employees to achieve his goals of high professionalism and productivity. Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of efforts toward organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual needs. The effort element is a measure of intensity. When someone is motivated, he or she tries hard. Efforts that are directed toward, and consistent with, the organizations goal is the kind of effort that we should be seeking. Motivated employees are in a state of tension. They exert effort. The greater the tension, the higher the effort level. If this effort successfully leads to the satisfaction of the need, tension is reduced. This tension reduction effort must also be diverted toward organizational goals. Individuals need be compatible and consistent with the organizations goals. The State Bank of Pakistan has embarked upon a major project to renew, build and strengthen its institutional capacity. Recently, State Bank of Pakistan has adopted highly motivated policies to transform the Bank into a highly professional, efficient and modern institution, which is fully equipped to play a meaningful role in the economic development of Pakistan. This report attempts to consolidate all motivational policies and guidelines in a summarized form for the benefit of students and perspective candidates for employment in the Bank. I hope that it would prove useful as a reference guide. INTRODUCTION State Bank of Pakistan is the Central Bank of the country. While its constitution, as originally lay down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, remained basically unchanged until 1st January 1974 when the Bank was nationalized, the scope of its functions was considerably enlarged. The State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956, with subsequent amendments, forms the basis of its operations today. Under the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, the Bank was charged with the duty to regulate the issue of Bank notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in Pakistan and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage. The scope of the Banks operations was considerably widened in the State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956, which required the Bank to regulate the monetary and credit system of Pakistan and to foster its growth in the best national interest with a view to securing monetary stability and fuller utilization of the countrys product ive resources. Under financial sector reforms, the State Bank of Pakistan was granted autonomy in February 1994. On 21st January, 1997, this autonomy was further strengthened by issuing three Amendment Ordinances (which were approved by the Parliament in May, 1997) namely, State Bank of Pakistan Act, 1956, Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962 and Banks Nationalization Act, 1974. The changes in the State Bank Act gave full and exclusive authority to the State Bank to regulate the banking sector, to conduct an independent monetary policy and to set limit on government borrowings from the State Bank of Pakistan. The amendments in Banks Nationalization Act abolished the Pakistan Banking Council (an institution established to look after the affairs of NCBs) and institutionalized the process of appointment of the Chief Executives and Boards of the nationalized commercial banks (NCBs) and development finance institutions (DFIs), with the Sate Bank having a role in their appointment and remova l. The amendments also increased the autonomy and accountability of the Chief Executives and the Boards of Directors of banks and DFIs. Like a Central Bank in any developing country, State Bank of Pakistan performs both the traditional and developmental functions to achieve macro-economic goals. The traditional functions, which are generally performed by central banks almost all over the world, may be classified into two groups: (a) the primary functions including issue of notes, regulation and supervision of the financial system, bankers bank, lender of the last resort, banker to Government, and conduct of monetary policy, and (b) the secondary functions including the agency functions like management of public debt, management of foreign exchange, etc., and other functions like advising the government on policy matters and maintaining close relationships with international financial institutions. The non-traditional or promotional functions, performed by the State Bank include deve lopment of financial framework, institutionalization of savings and investment, provision of training facilities to bankers, and provision of credit to priority sectors. The State Bank also has been playing an active part in the process of Islamization of the banking system. The main functions and responsibilities of the State Bank can be broadly categorized as under. MAIN FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Being the Central Bank of the country, State Bank of Pakistan has been entrusted with the responsibility to formulate and conduct monetary and credit policy in a manner consistent with the Governments targets for growth and inflation and the recommendations of the Monetary and Fiscal Policies Co-ordination Board with respect to macro-economic policy objectives. The basic objective underlying its functions is two-fold i.e. the maintenance of monetary stability, thereby leading towards the stability in the domestic prices, as well as the promotion of economic growth. To regulate the volume and the direction of flow of credit to different uses and sectors, the Bank makes use of both direct and indirect instruments of monetary management. Until recently, the monetary and credit scenario was characterized by acute segmentation of credit markets with all the attendant distortions. A number of fundamental changes have since been made in the conduct of monetary management which essentially m arked a departure from administrative controls and quantitative restrictions to market-based monetary management. A reserve money management program has been developed. In terms of the program, the intermediate target of M2 would be achieved by observing the desired path of reserve money the operating target. While use in now being made of such indirect instruments of control as cash reserve ratio and liquidity ratio, the programs reliance is mainly on open market operations. INTRODUCTION TO HRM Human resource management plays a pivotal and expanding role in shaping the success of organizations and is done by the Human Resource department. PURPOSE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: The purpose of Human resource management is to improve the productive contribution of people to the organization in ways that are strategically, ethically and socially responsible. To carry out this role managers and HR department needs to satisfy multiple objectives like societal, organizational, functional, and personal objectives. These objectives are achieved through variety of HR activities designed to obtain, maintain, utilize, evaluate and retain an effective work force. These activities are the responsibility of all managers in the organization, even though many of them may be delegated to specialists in the HR department. DEVELOPING HUMAN ASSETS Alongside the development of its physical facilities, SBP is deeply conscious of the pivotal role that human resources play in the success of the organization. As the matter of fact, human resource development has been identified as an area of key importance. While strengthening the rank of is workforce with quality professionals at various levels of management, the bank also undertakes several initiatives for improving productivity and efficiency at all levels. Through computer training, various in house courses, sponsorship of staff for studies at professional institution and seminars, the bank is providing its employees ongoing opportunities for continuous self-improvement and learning. SWOT ANALYSIS OF SBP Strengths Internal Competencies specially core competencies of SBP weaknesses Inability to perform activities Opportunities Positive trends in the environment for SBP Threads Negative trends in the environment for SBP STRENGTH SBP is sole authority to regulate monetary policy and it is also bankers bank. SBP departments are computerized, and with modern technological facilities. SBP every year inducting fresh blood to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of bank. SBP is guide to government on economical and financial affairs. Deals with foreign exchange and bank reserve position and also with NOSTRO balance. Computerized system of data collection and dissemination. Security to depositor Watch dogs for frauds and money laundering. WEAKNESSES Decision making system is totally centralized. There were routine work and long working hours that effect on the efficiency of employees that causes bore. Lower employees are not satisfied with salary and facilities. Virus safety system. Data is stored in single place. Slow processing No surety of data received from authorized dealers. OPPORTUNITIES Through higher educational scheme for abroad, SBP can maximize efficiency. According to modern requirement. SBP is implementing new comprehensive software system. SBP can increase the confidence of investor in FX market, to control on money laundering. System is upgradeable, upgrading will improve the efficiency. They can use create operate. SBOTS scheme is a big opportunity in future to increase the level for State Bank. THREATS Instability of political government that effect on SBP performance. Law and order situation in country; lose the confidence of foreign investor as well as local, that also effect overall performance of SBP. High pressure of external donor agencies, that effect on the policies of SBP. Due to dependence on computerized data different kinds of Virus can attack and damage the data. Data can be manipulated easily. ROLE OF HR: STRATEGIC PARTNER: The strategic partner of SBP is Hay group. CHANGE AGENT: They have special teams from each department who is responsible to face the environmental challenges and bring any necessary change regarding such changes in organization. For this HR works closely with these teams to implement theses changes successfully. HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING: In state bank of bank there is a key role of HR in developing the strategic management process of the company with the consultation of top management. The key role of HR in the planning process involves Compensation, Manpower requisition, Business growth, Evaluation and reduction of the costs of benefits given to employees etc. It is important to recall here that HR department has the influence only on the non-unionized staff, means any HR function related to non-unionized staff, like hiring, firing, Compensation, Perks and benefits etc, would be set by the HR department, while issues related to unionized staff would be handled by the Admin Department. Some of the major planning functions of Human resource department in state bank of Pakistan are discussed below: Reducing the Costs of Benefits: Here the department determines the costs that incurs to the company due to the benefits given to its employees and find ways how to reduce them. These human and financial costs include salaries and the perks and benefits given to employees. For example state bank gives Cars to its employees at managerial level positions and above. To Ensure the best use of Financial Resources: Here, the HR department monitors the ratio of manpower to other costs in order to assist decisions regarding the best use of financial resources. Succession Planning: In order to better meet the needs of business and to avoid external hiring, the HR department develops succession plans. In this process, they create a chart of succession plans, which lists down the acting head, and his particulars like age, qualifications, traits, etc and his alternative available options, this chart assists in the situation when the incumbent leaves the job due to any reason, then what are the best options, age wise, experience wise, qualification wise, etc. Salient Features of Human Resource Planning: To help in determining appropriate recruitment levels to avoid expensive and unsatisfactory panic measures, in case of staff shortage, or frustration of losing business through lack of trained staff. To anticipate redundancies and find ways of preventing them and their attendant human and financial costs. To monitor the ratio of manpower to other costs in order to assist decisions regarding the best use of financial resources. To provide the basis for training and development programs in order to meet the needs of business and related succession plans. To identify future accommodation requirements in the form of working space, lunchroom, library, conference room and prayers area, etc. To help in making cost of living and other compensation estimates. To have appropriate control over capital expenditures. HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM There is a centralized HR information system from which employees can access information. It consists of a website where employees can gain access to information about the company background, financial, careers/job opportunities and newsroom. JOB ANALYSIS In SBP job analysis is done through individual interview questionnaire and intermediate supervisor. JOB DESCRIPTION Job description: job description is design by HR joint director, immediate supervisor of that specific department .they has divided this job to their respective department, head. They have to design the job description of their respective department. RECRUITMENT SELECTION The quality of an organizations human resources depends on the quality of its recruits. Recruitment is the process of finding and attracting capable applicants for employment and Selection is a series of steps through which the applicants pass. It heavily depends on inputs such as job analysis, HR plans, and recruitment. Although operating managers are often involved, much of the recruitment process is the responsibility of professionals in the HR department. These professionals are called recruiters. Recruiters should be aware of constraints and challenges surrounding the requirement process before they attempt to find suitable applicants.SBP is very responsive organization and is always in a process of finding capable applicants for employment. This responsibility primarily belongs to personnel department and all the recruiters are trained for this purpose. METHOD OF RECRUITMENT INTERNAL HIRING: SBP is done through internal advertisement and mail to their respective department. It is done through notice board. EXTERNAL HIRING Giving an add in the leading newspapers does the job announcement. As per criteria of SBP, on receipt of the applications from candidates holding masters degree in any one of the following disciplines. Business Management. Economics. Maths/ statistics Computer Sciences. Are entered in the database and are sorted out w.r.t. Pre-requisites. The applicants are then called for a written test through a letter. The tests along with the result are handled by an independent institution (IBA)(IBP) and SBP The results are then submitted to SBP for further processing. The successful candidates are called for an interview. The short listed candidates from the first interview are then called for the second and then third interview. The successful candidates are then informed through a letter and called to give a joining date. The candidates confirm the joining dates to the Personnel department. The selected candidates are then given brief orientation about different department and functions of the bank. After orientation they are placed in to different departments according to their qualifications and department needs APPRAISAL SYSTEM CONDUCT IN SBP The Appraisal process commence with the performance standards in accordance with strategy set by the State bank of Pakistan. The policy of the State bank of Pakistan in respect of job measurement is skip span. The employees are asked to write a daily report on the work done by them. These reports are submitted to the subordinators on the daily bases , on the other hand the subordinators personally observe every employee and mach them with marks according to the work accomplished by the employee. The subordinator then submit the daily report after every four weeks to the managers along with the letter of recommendation written by the subordinators after evaluating employee performance. These reports are then send to the HRM department where these reports are discussed in the meeting and then all decisions take place according to the merit. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Training and development is a continuous process and is designed to bring about a change in the attitude of employees with respect to the job they are doing, the people around them, the new procedures, techniques and skills which they can use. It is also to make them more conscious of their responsibilities and how to perform them will. Therefore, all training is planned and coordinated in a systematic manner by the bank in terms of the needs and the talents required in the bank. The training and development efforts are not confined to a few formal class room courses but extended in all directions to remove employees weaknesses and making the most of their strengths. TYPES OF TRAINING 1. ORIENTATION TRAINING Every new employee will be given an orientation to familiarize him with the bank organization, functions, activities, policies, procedures and programs. This type of training would be an individual basis or group classroom training, depending on the number of participants available. The duration and content of the course will be determined to meet the needs of individuals concerned in consultation with respective Department Heads / General Managers. Depending upon the type of job and the expense needed, newly hired employees as well as the promotes assigned to new fields of activities, will be given on the job training for a period ranging from one week to twenty-four weeks as may be deemed necessary. 2. TECHNICAL AND SPECIALIZED TRAINING Job knowledge is an essential part of ones responsibility in any position. Since technology, methods, processes are changing at a fast rate, it is imperative that employees should learn new skills and techniques through specialized and technical courses organized within the bank, or by outside agencies. It is through these courses that the employee will be able to reach a high level of proficiency. 3. SUPERVISION/MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT THROUGH IN-HOUSE TRAINING COURSES COURSES CONDUCTED BY OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS IN PAKISTAN In order to have a balanced approach to n all-round development of our management employees, appropriate emphasis will also be laid on the development of supervisory and management skills employees. To this end, selected employees will participate in formal classroom course workshops, which may be either bank organized or conducted/sponsored by outside organizations such as Pakistan Institute of Management, Pakistan Management Association or other similar organizations. Standard basic management training programs, which may be considered for participation, are as follows: Effective Supervision Practice of Supervision Problems of Management Seminar Advance Management Course Management Course for Junior Executives Problem Analysis and Decision Making Conference Leadership Job Instructions Methods etc. The employee will be exposed to these development courses in a systematic manner. The supervisor of the participants will be responsible for follow up on the training and for ensuring that the techniques and methods learnt by their subordinates are applied to on-the-job performance. Nomination of an employee to attend such courses will be at the discretion of the Management. 4. ON-THE-JOB TRAINING It is well regarded that the best place for effective learning to occur is on-the-job i.e. the employee learning the job by doing it under skillful instruction and coaching by his superior. Since many Supervisors/Managers are not trained instructors, the Department will provide training the Job Instruction Methods through practice of Supervision Course. 5. SELF-DEVELOPMENT Recognizing that self-development is the primary responsibility of the individual, bank would provide opportunities for development through making available professional literature, job rotation, counseling and discussions and seminars relating to the job of the individual. 6. TRAINING OUTSIDE PAKISTAN For acquiring specialized skills, the bank may nominate management employees for training abroad with international training institutions of repute of such organizations that may be having commercial affiliation of technical collaborationAlso nominations may be made to suitable courses and seminars abroad if foreign governments or international institutions offer such opportunities to Pakistan through the Ministry. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS Steps have been taken to improve the motivation and morale of the employees with focus on employee training and development and performance appraisals. Computer training courses, workshops and seminars have been conducted to equip the employees with modern techniques. Relationships with all the employees have remained cordial. Management Division: All policy matters and planning for new initiatives is carried out in Compensation Benefits Performance Management Division. In this division some operational elements are running simultaneously. The Competency based Performance Management System is managed by this Division. This Division also handles Manpower Planning and Job evaluation process, which is another new area. IMPROVEMENT IN SERVICE CONDITIONS State Bank is the central bank of Pakistan. It provides matchless intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivations for development of the professionalism. The following is a brief of motivations provided to its employees by the State Bank of Pakistan:- SALARY STRUCTURE FRINGE BENEFITS STAFF LOAN POLICY FACILITY OF OUTSTANDING DUTY FACILITY OF BANKS CAR PETROL CEILING MEDICAL FACILITIES TELEPHONE CHARGES AT RESIDENCE FACILITY OF NEWSPAPERWS JOURNAL GROUP TERM ASSUARANCE CASH AWARDS FOR ACQUIRING RETIREMENT POLICIES PROFESSIONAL/ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION FAMILY PENSION GRATUITY BENEVOLANT FUND SCHEME GRANT FROM THE FUND GIFT TO RETIRING EMPLOYEES General Salary Structure (Officer Cadre) Salary Grade Minimum (PKR) Maximum (PKR) OG 7 58,500 135,300 OG 6 43,400 109,300 OG 5 40,200 103,000 OG 4 36,500 95,000 OG 3 30,000 83,000 OG 2 25,000 67,500 OG 1 16,481 47,850 (Support Staff Cadre) Salary Grade Minimum (PKR) Maximum (PKR) S- 7 14,400 37,400 S- 6 13,838 34,500 S- 5 11,903 31,600 S- 4 10,733 29,000 S- 3 9,675 24,500 S- 2 8,573 20,300 S- 1 8,100 18,700 (Specialized Salary Structure) Level Minimum (PKR) Maximum (PKR) Entry 40,000 80,000 Middle 60,000 120,000 Higher 80,000 150,000 Managerial M-1or M-2 Core Benefits (applicable across salary structure) Medical Full medical facilities for self, spouse, children and dependent parents as per bank rules. Also, applicable to retired employees Rest Recreation Leave Allowance 15 days leave with 50% of monetized salary as Rest Recreation Allowance each year for Officers. Leaves All officer-grade employees earn leaves for every 6 working day. All support-grade employees earn leaves for every 5 working days. Leaves earned can be accumulated up to 40 per year for Officer-grade employees. Leaves earned can be accumulated up to 72 per year for Support-grade employees. Upon accumulation of leave balance, the employee can proceed to perform Hajj once in the entire service 90 days maternity leaves (exclusive of regular leaves) are allowed to all female employees subject to maximum of three times. Staff Loans Personal loan (Interest free) to meet emergencies up to 03 monetized salaries payable in a maximum period of 2 years House Building Loan / Car Loan up to 60 monetized salaries payable in the entire remaining service (up to 60th birthday of employee). The bank on behalf of the employees free of cost also insures this loan with out charging of premium from employees. Computer loan of PKR 70,000 (maximum) payable in the entire remaining service Group Term Assurance (GTA) Group term assurance covers the employee as under: Salary Ranges (PKR) Sum Assured (PKR) Life Insurance Premium (PKR) 55,001 and Above 1,500,000 312.50 37,501 to 55,000 1,000,000 208.33 18,001 to 37,500 800,000 166.67 Up to 18,000 600,000 125.00 Deputation Allowance Employees are entitled to additional 20% of their monetized salary as a Deputation Allowance along with comprehensive medical facilities for self and dependent family members. Annual Merit Increases Annual Merit Increase (AMI) for the year 2005 is paid as per following schedule: For Employees in Grade OG-1 and Below: AMI for employees in grades OG-1 and below has been determined on the basis of their average marks awarded by the reporting and finalizing officers as per following grid: Range of Marks AMI 49 50 4.5% 47 48 4% 41 46 3% 11 40 2% 0 10 Nil For Employees in Grades OG-2 to OG-5: AMI for employees in grades OG 2 to OG 5 has been determined on the basis of placing the absolute performance ratings of employees as reported by their respective appraisers in appropriate clusters and thereafter categorizing these ratings in accordance with Bell Curve principles into four appraisal categories as follows: Appraisal Category AMI % A = Outstanding Performers 9 % B+ = Above Average 7 % B = Fully Satisfactory 5 % C = Below Average 1.5% For OG 7 employees: AMI for OG- 7 employees at a uniform rate of 6 %. For employees in Separate Salary Structure for Specialized Professionals: AMI for employees in cluster of Separate Salary Structure for Specialized Professionals has been determined at a uniform rate of 5%. Performance Bonus Top 10% of performers in the Bank are paid a one time Performance Bonus @ 3% of annualized monetized pay Bank Provided Car Entitlement (Pakistan assembled) OG-5 800 cc car (AC) without petrol ceiling and driver salary OG-6 1000 cc car (AC) without petrol ceiling and driver salary OG-6 (HOD) 1000 cc car (AC) with petrol ceiling (200 Liters) and driver salary OG-7 1300 cc car (AC) of their choice with petrol ceiling (340 Liters) on optional Banks driver or driver salary Transfer of Ownership Cars are provided to the employees on the basis of a loan depreciation scheme. On completion of 5 years deprecation life of the cars the assignee becomes the owner of vehicles. 10. Telephone Facility .OG.7 (900 calls) OG.6 (600 calls) OG.54 (400 calls) OG 32. (200 calls) 11. Post Retirement Benefits Officers Grade 4 and above on their retirement or their family members in the events of employees death are entitled for the following additional benefits for a period of six months: a) 40% Monetised pay in lieu of House Rent Ceiling b) Electricity, Gas and water charges as per entitlement at the time of Retirement/Death c) 50% of telephone charges as per entitlement at the time of Retirement/Death d) Cost of 50% Petrol Ceiling as per entitlement at the time of Retirement/Death Pension Policy Prior to 1997 Federal Government rules as contained in Compendium of Pension Rules and Order were applicable in State Bank of Pakistan. After monetisation, the concept of pay has been abolished and 50% of monetised salary is taken into account for the purpose of calculation of retirement benefits. 13. Education Allowance Rs.500/- per month is allowed to Clerical/Non-Clerical employees. 14. Traveling Transportation Charges a. Officers on their retirement are entitled to reimbursement of economy class airfare for self and eligible family members from the airports nearest to their place of posting and their hometown as per bank record or they can claim payment of ACC sleeper train fare. b. All officers and staff of the bank either on transfer or retirement are entitled to actual cost of transportation of household effects to their place of new posting/domicile outside Karachi against production of proper receipts subject to a maximum amount of one months monetised salary. Travel Daily Allowance (a) The rates of gross Daily Allowance for different categories of employees are as under: Category of Employees Positions Gross DA (Rs) S-1 to S-3 Non-clerical Staff 800 S-4 to S-7 Clerical Staff<